Quotas in International Environmental Agreements, Wolf, Amanda
Автор: Piatti-Crocker Adriana, Schmidt Gregory D. Название: Gender Quotas in South America`s Big Three: National and Subnational Impacts ISBN: 1498500161 ISBN-13(EAN): 9781498500166 Издательство: Bloomsbury Рейтинг: Цена: 89100.00 T Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ. Описание: This book uses case studies of Argentina, Brazil, and Peru to examine the impact of gender quotas in Latin American politics. Through careful analysis of electoral data it sheds light on issues of interest to policymakers and scholars in the fields of comparative politics, electoral studies, Latin American politics, and women and politics.
Автор: Baker, Kerryn Название: Pacific women in politics ISBN: 0824889894 ISBN-13(EAN): 9780824889890 Издательство: Mare Nostrum (Eurospan) Рейтинг: Цена: 32340.00 T Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ. Описание: How do political actors in the Pacific islands region make sense of the success (or failure) of parliamentary gender quota campaigns? To answer the question, Kerryn Baker explores the workings of four campaigns in the region.
Автор: Kerryn Baker Название: Pacific Women in Politics: Gender Quota Campaigns in the Pacific Islands ISBN: 0824872592 ISBN-13(EAN): 9780824872595 Издательство: Mare Nostrum (Eurospan) Рейтинг: Цена: 66880.00 T Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ. Описание: Women are significantly underrepresented in politics in the Pacific Islands, given that only one in twenty Pacific parliamentarians are female, compared to one in five globally. A common, but controversial, method of increasing the number of women in politics is the use of gender quotas, or measures designed to ensure a minimum level of women’s representation. In those cases where quotas have been effective, they have managed to change the face of power in previously male-dominated political spheres. How do political actors in the Pacific islands region make sense of the success (or failure) of parliamentary gender quota campaigns? To answer the question, Kerryn Baker explores the workings of four campaigns in the region. In Samoa, the campaign culminated in a “safety net” quota to guarantee a minimum level of representation, set at five female members of Parliament. In Papua New Guinea, between 2007 and 2012 there were successive campaigns for nominated and reserved seats in parliament, without success, although the constitution was amended in 2011 to allow for the possibility of reserved seats for women. In post-conflict Bougainville, women campaigned for reserved seats during the constitution-making process and eventually won three reserved seats in the House of Representatives, as well as one reserved ministerial position. Finally, in the French Pacific territories of New Caledonia, French Polynesia, and Wallis and Futuna, Baker finds that there were campaigns both for and against the implementation of the so-called “parity laws.” Baker argues that the meanings of success in quota campaigns, and related notions of gender and representation, are interpreted by actors through drawing on different traditions, and renegotiating and redefining them according to their goals, pressures, and dilemmas. Broadening the definition of success thus is a key to an understanding of realities of quota campaigns. Pacific Women in Politics is a pathbreaking work that offers an original contribution to gender relations within the Pacific and to contemporary Pacific politics.
Название: Economics of International Environmental Agreements ISBN: 0367877228 ISBN-13(EAN): 9780367877224 Издательство: Taylor&Francis Рейтинг: Цена: 42870.00 T Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ. Описание: This book explores why international environmental agreements deal with some problems successfully but fail with others. The chapters address issues that are global in nature, such as: transboundary pollution, provision of global public goods, individual preferences of inequality-aversion, global cooperation, self-enforcing international environ
This is a story about governance in Mexico after the labor and environmental accords--called "side agreements"--that accompanied the NAFTA treaty went into effect. These side agreements required member states to uphold and enforce their labor and environmental laws; though never codified, it was widely accepted that Mexico, in particular, had a problem with law enforcement.
Side Effects explores how differences in institutional design (of the side agreements) and domestic capacity (between the labor and environment sectors) influenced norm socialization in Mexico. It argues that the acceptance of rule-of-law norms in environmental governance can be attributed to participating institutions' independence from national control, their willingness to give citizens access, and the professionalization and technical capacity of domestic bureaucrats and civil society actors. Changes in labor governance have been hampered by union confederations, longstanding corruption, and a closed opportunity structure. Going beyond a simple accounting exercise of resources devoted to enforcing the law, this book comes to grips with how best to strengthen local capacity and promote pro-norm behavior--advances essential to the task of development and democratization.
Автор: P. Glasbergen Название: Co-operative Environmental Governance ISBN: 0792351487 ISBN-13(EAN): 9780792351481 Издательство: Springer Рейтинг: Цена: 174130.00 T Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ. Описание: When co-operation is embedded in environmental policy, it becomes a means to achieve the environmental objectives of the state. This volume explores this option in environmental governance: the nature of the approach, the preconditions and its chances of success. It analyzes theoretical issues and practical experiences in a number of countries.
Автор: Desai Название: Multilateral Environmental Agreements ISBN: 1107610516 ISBN-13(EAN): 9781107610514 Издательство: Cambridge Academ Рейтинг: Цена: 40130.00 T Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ. Описание: This study examines the genesis, development, and proliferation of multilateral environmental agreements (MEAs), their ad hoc treaty-based status and the issue of the legal personality of their secretariats. It offers an account of the phenomenon in which an international institution provides a servicing base for an MEA that triggers a chain of legal implications.
Автор: Andresen, Steinar Название: International Environmental Agreements ISBN: 0415598257 ISBN-13(EAN): 9780415598255 Издательство: Taylor&Francis Рейтинг: Цена: 153120.00 T Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Автор: Underdal, Arild , Hanf, Kenneth Название: International Environmental Agreements and Domestic Politics ISBN: 1138713066 ISBN-13(EAN): 9781138713062 Издательство: Taylor&Francis Рейтинг: Цена: 35720.00 T Наличие на складе: Невозможна поставка. Описание: This title was first published in 2000: By comparing the impact of EU environmental policy on UK, German and Greek 000: national policies and implementation, this book also examines how effectively the new forms of political governance work.
Автор: Andresen, Steinar Название: International Environmental Agreements ISBN: 0415664624 ISBN-13(EAN): 9780415664622 Издательство: Taylor&Francis Рейтинг: Цена: 56130.00 T Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Автор: Carlo Carraro Название: International Environmental Agreements on Climate Change ISBN: 0792355156 ISBN-13(EAN): 9780792355151 Издательство: Springer Рейтинг: Цена: 158380.00 T Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ. Описание: Climate change is one of the major environmental concern of many countries in the world. In order to mitigate the adverse effects of climate change, the IPCC report concludes that a stabilization of atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide - one of the major GHGs - at 550 parts per million by volume (ppmv) is recommended.
Автор: Edoardo Croci Название: The Handbook of Environmental Voluntary Agreements ISBN: 9048168430 ISBN-13(EAN): 9789048168439 Издательство: Springer Рейтинг: Цена: 217670.00 T Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ. Описание: EDOARDOCROCI IEFE - Universita Bocconi, Milano, Italy Voluntary approaches in environmental policy represent a "third wave" of regulation in the environmental field. "Command and control" was the first wave. Its core is based on uniform emission standards, the respect of which needs to be enforced through extensive monitoring and severe sanctions. The expected cost of sanction for non-compliance, calculated as its amount multiplied for the probability to be caught, must be superior to the benefits of non-compliance, in order to let the sanction be effective. As the benefits of non-compliance can vary among firms, sanctions need to be very high in order to be effective. In fact sanctions are ordinary correlated to environmental damage and not to the benefits of non-compliance. But very high sanctions can be difficult to enforce as they appear unfair and can lead to dramatic consequences on firms and workers, up to shut-downs of plants. Ambient standards reduce these problems, but oblige the regulator to know a huge amount of information, regarding the specific contribution of each polluter to the polluted body. Information is difficult to obtain because of asymmetric information and costly to produce because it requires large and skilled regulating and enforcing organizations. Nevertheless complex regulation is the base of any environmental policy framework, as it allows the policy maker to fully exercise its power of composition of various interests in a relatively transparent way. Economic instruments were the second wave.
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