`Philoponus`: On Aristotle On the Soul 3.1-8, W. Charlton

Автор: W. Charlton
Название: `Philoponus`: On Aristotle On the Soul 3.9-13 with Stephanus: On Aristotle On Interpretation
ISBN: 1472558502 ISBN-13(EAN): 9781472558503
Издательство: Bloomsbury Academic
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Описание: The earlier part of the commentary by 'Philoponus' on Aristotle's On the Soul is translated by William Charlton in another volume in the series. This volume includes the latter part of the commentary along with a translation of Stephanus' commentary on Aristotle 's On Interpretation. It thus enables readers to assess for themselves Charlton's view that the commentary once ascribed to Philoponus should in fact be ascribed to Stephanus. The two treatises of Aristotle here commented on are very different from each other. In On Interpretation Aristotle studies the logic of opposed pairs of statements. It is in this context that Aristotle discusses the nature of language and the implications for determinism of opposed predictions about a future occurrence, such as a sea-battle. And Stephanus, like his predecessor Ammonius, brings in other deterministic arguments not considered by Aristotle ('The Reaper' and the argument from God's foreknowledge). In On the Soul 3.9-13, Aristotle introduces a theory of action and motivation and sums up the role of perception in animal life. Despite the differences in subject matter between the two texts, Charlton is able to make a good case for Stephanus' authorship of both commentaries. He also sees Stephanus as preserving what was valuable from Ammonius' earlier commentary On Interpretation, while bringing to bear the virtue of greater concision. At the same time, Stephanus reveals his Christian affiliations, in contrast to Ammonius, his pagan predecessor.

Автор: Philoponus
Название: Philoponus: On Aristotle On the Soul 2.1-6
ISBN: 1472557727 ISBN-13(EAN): 9781472557728
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Описание: In `On The Soul` 2.1-6, Aristotle gives a very different account of the soul from Plato`s by tying the soul to the body. He defines soul and life by reference to the capacities for using food to maintain structure and reproduce, for perceiving and desiring. Philoponus gives a `cognitive` view.

Автор: Philoponus
Название: Philoponus: On Aristotle On the Soul 2.7-12
ISBN: 147255776X ISBN-13(EAN): 9781472557766
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Описание: In this, one of the most original ancient texts on sense perception, Philoponus, the sixth century AD commentator on Aristotle, considers how far perceptual processes are incorporeal. Colour affects us in the same way as light which, passing through a stained glass window, affects the air, but colours only the masonry beyond. Sounds and smells are somewhat more physical, travelling most of the way to us with a moving block of air, but not quite all the way. Only the organ of touch takes on the tangible qualities perceived, because reception of sensible qualities in perception is cognitive, not physical. Neither light nor the action of colour involves the travel of bodies. Our capacities for psychological activity do not follow, nor result from, the chemistry of our bodies, but merely supervene on that. On the other hand, Philoponus shows knowledge of the sensory nerves, and he believes that thought and anger both warm us. This argument is used elsewhere to show how we can tell someone else's state of mind.

Автор: Philoponus
Название: Philoponus: On Aristotle on the Soul 1.3-5
ISBN: 1472557786 ISBN-13(EAN): 9781472557780
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Описание: Rejects accounts of soul which define it as moving, as cognitive, or in physical terms. Chapter 3 considers Aristotle`s attack on the idea that the soul is in motion. What we would call the mind-body relation is the subject of Chapter 4. In Chapter 5, the author endorses Aristotle`s rejection of the idea that the soul is particles.

Автор: Philoponus
Название: Philoponus: On Aristotle On the Soul 1.1-2
ISBN: 1472557778 ISBN-13(EAN): 9781472557773
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Описание: This text by Philoponus, the sixth-century commentator on Aristotle, is notable for its informative introduction to psychology, which tells us the views of Philoponus, of his teacher and of later Neoplatonists on our psychological capacities and on mind-body relations. There is an unusual account of how reason can infer a universally valid conclusion from a single instance, and there are inherited views on the roles of intellect and perception in concept formation, and on the human ability to make reasoned decisions, celebrated by Aristotle, but here downgraded. Philoponus attacks Galen's view that psychological capacities follow, or result from, bodily chemistry; they merely supervene on that and can be counteracted. He has benefited from Galen's knowledge of the brain and nerves, but also propounds the Neoplatonist belief in tenuous bodies which after death support our irrational souls temporarily, or our reason eternally.

Автор: Johannes van Ophuijsen, Keimpe Algra
Название: Philoponus: On Aristotle Physics 4.1-5
ISBN: 1472558006 ISBN-13(EAN): 9781472558008
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Описание: The first translation into English of this commentary, written by the sixth-century philosopher Philoponus on Aristotle Physics book four, chapters one to five, in which he explains Aristotle`s account of place to elementary students.

Автор: Goldin Owen
Название: Philoponus: On Aristotle Posterior Analytics 1.19-34
ISBN: 1472557999 ISBN-13(EAN): 9781472557995
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Описание: This translation into English of part of the commentary of the sixth-century philosopher Philoponus on Aristotle`s Posterior Analytics deals with the important topic of explanation though scientific demonstration.

Автор: Philoponus
Название: Philoponus: On Aristotle Posterior Analytics 1.9-18
ISBN: 1472557972 ISBN-13(EAN): 9781472557971
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Описание: In Posterior Analytics Aristotle elaborates his assessment of how universal truths of science can be scientifically explained as inevitable in demonstrative proofs. In this commentary Philoponus takes these issues further.

Автор: Philoponus
Название: Philoponus: On Aristotle Physics 4.10-14
ISBN: 1472557964 ISBN-13(EAN): 9781472557964
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Описание: A volume in the prestigious series, The Ancient Commentators on Aristotle, which translates the works of the ancient commentators into English for the first time.

Автор: Christian Wildberg
Название: Philoponus: Against Aristotle on the Eternity of the World
ISBN: 1780933592 ISBN-13(EAN): 9781780933597
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Описание: Philoponus` treatise Against Aristotle on the Eternity of the World, an attack on Aristotle`s astronomy and theology is concerned mainly with the eternity and divinity of the fifth element, or `quintessence`, of which Aristotle took the stars to be composed.

Автор: Mark Edwards
Название: Philoponus: On Aristotle Physics 3
ISBN: 1780934343 ISBN-13(EAN): 9781780934341
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Описание:

Book 3 of Aristotle's Physics primarily concerns two important concepts for his theory of nature: change and infinity. Change is important because, in Book 2, he has defined nature - the subject-matter of the Physics - as an internal source of change. Much of his discussion is dedicated to showing that the change occurs in the patient which undergoes it, not in the agent which causes it. Thus Book 3 is an important step in clearing the way for Book 8's claims for a divine mover who causes change but in whom no change occurs.
The second half of Book 3 introduces Aristotle's doctrine of infinity as something which is always potential, never actual, never traversed and never multiplied. Here, as elsewhere, Philoponus the Christian turns Aristotle's own infinity arguments against the pagan Neoplatonist belief in a beginningless universe. Such a universe, Philoponus replies, would involve actual infinity of past years already traversed, and a multiple number of past days. The commentary also contains intimations of the doctrine of impetus - which has been regarded, in its medieval context, as a scientific revolution - as well as striking examples of Philoponus' use of thought experiments to establish philosophical and broadly scientific conclusions.

Автор: C.J.F. Williams
Название: Philoponus: On Aristotle On Coming-to-Be and Perishing 1.1-5
ISBN: 1780938691 ISBN-13(EAN): 9781780938691
Издательство: Bloomsbury Academic
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Описание: The first five chapters of Aristotle’s De Generatione et Corruptione distinguish creation and destruction from mere qualitative change and from growth. They include a fascinating debate about the atomists’ analysis of creation and destruction as due to the rearrangement of indivisible atoms. Aristotle’s rival belief in the infinite divisibility of matter is explained and defended against the atomists’ powerful attack on infinite divisibility. But what inspired Philoponus most in his commentary is the topic of organic growth. How does it take place without ingested matter getting into the same place as the growing body? And how is personal identity preserved, if our matter is always in flux, and our form depends on our matter? If we do not depend on the persistence of matter why are we not immortal? Analogous problems of identity arise also for inanimate beings. Philoponus draws out a brief remark of Aristotle’s to show that cause need not be like effect. For example, what makes something hard may be cold, not hard. This goes against a persistent philosophical prejudice, but Philoponus makes it plausible that Aristotle recognized this truth. These topics of identity over time and the principles of causation are still matters of intense discussion.