The first comprehensive history of the Turkish economy
The population and economy of the area within the present-day borders of Turkey has consistently been among the largest in the developing world, yet there has been no authoritative economic history of Turkey until now. In Uneven Centuries, Şevket Pamuk examines the economic growth and human development of Turkey over the past two hundred years.
Taking a comparative global perspective, Pamuk investigates Turkey's economic history through four periods: the open economy during the nineteenth-century Ottoman era, the transition from empire to nation-state that spanned the two world wars and the Great Depression, the continued protectionism and import-substituting industrialization after World War II, and the neoliberal policies and the opening of the economy after 1980. Making use of indices of GDP per capita, trade, wages, health, and education, Pamuk argues that Turkey's long-term economic trends cannot be explained only by immediate causes such as economic policies, rates of investment, productivity growth, and structural change.
Uneven Centuries offers a deeper analysis of the essential forces underlying Turkey's development--its institutions and their evolution--to make better sense of the country's unique history and to provide important insights into the patterns of growth in developing countries during the past two centuries.
Over the past two decades, China has rapidly increased its spending on its public pension programs, to the point that pension funding is one of the government's largest expenditures. Despite this, only about fifty million citizens—one-third of the country's population above the age of sixty—receive pensions. Combined with the growing and increasingly violent unrest over inequalities brought about by China's reform model, the escalating costs of an aging society have brought the Chinese political leadership to a critical juncture in its economic and social policies.
In Socialist Insecurity, Mark W. Frazier explores pension policy in the People's Republic of China, arguing that the government's push to expand pension and health insurance coverage to urban residents and rural migrants has not reduced, but rather reproduced, economic inequalities. He explains this apparent paradox by analyzing the decisions of the political actors responsible for pension reform: urban officials and state-owned enterprise managers. Frazier shows that China's highly decentralized pension administration both encourages the "grabbing hand" of local officials to collect large amounts of pension and other social insurance revenue and compels redistribution of these revenues to urban pensioners, a crucial political constituency.
More broadly, Socialist Insecurity shows that the inequalities of welfare policy put China in the same quandary as other large uneven developers—countries that have succeeded in achieving rapid growth but with growing economic inequalities. While most explanations of the formation and expansion of welfare states are derived from experience in today's mature welfare systems, developing countries such as China, Frazier argues, provide new terrain to explore how welfare programs evolve, who drives the process, and who sees the greatest benefit.
Название: Uneven Development in South East Asia ISBN: 1138359289 ISBN-13(EAN): 9781138359284 Издательство: Taylor&Francis Рейтинг: Цена: 24490.00 T Наличие на складе: Невозможна поставка. Описание: First published in 1997, this volume responds to the rapid change in mid-1980s South East Asia, exploring the uneven distribution of development within the region and providing broad coverage of different aspects of this unevenness at both the regional and national levels.
Название: From Uneven Growth to Inclusive Development: Romania`s Path to Shared Prosperity ISBN: 1464813175 ISBN-13(EAN): 9781464813177 Издательство: Mare Nostrum (Eurospan) Рейтинг: Цена: 31350.00 T Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ. Описание: Reforms spurred by accession to the European Union (EU) boosted productivity and integrated Romania into the EU economic space. Gross domestic product per capita rose from 30 percent of the EU average in 1995 to 59 percent in 2016. Today, over 70 percent of the country's exports go to the EU, and their technological complexity is increasing rapidly. Yet, Romania remains the country in the EU with by far the largest share of poor people, with over a quarter of the population living on less than $5.50 a day. There are widening disparities in economic opportunity and poverty across regions and between urban and rural areas. Although Bucharest has already exceeded the EU average income per capita, and many secondary cities are becoming hubs of prosperity and innovation, Romania remains one of the least urbanized countries in the EU. Access to public services remains constrained for many citizens, particularly in rural areas, and there is a large infrastructure gap, which is a drag on the international competitiveness of the more dynamic areas of Romania while limiting economic opportunities in lagging and rural areas. Growth is constrained by weak commitment to policy implementation, creating a poor business environment and misallocation of resources to politically connected firms. Equal opportunities are constrained by weak local service delivery and an inability to ensure sufficient local funding due to patronage-based politics. And resilience to natural disasters and climate change is constrained by lack of coordination between central and local authorities. As argued in this report, Romania has no choice but to address these institutional challenges if it is to sustain the impressive growth performance of recent years, share prosperity among all of its citizens, and improve its resilience to natural hazards.
Автор: Smith Neil Название: Uneven Development: Nature, Capital, and the Production of Space ISBN: 082033099X ISBN-13(EAN): 9780820330990 Издательство: Mare Nostrum (Eurospan) Рейтинг: Цена: 24200.00 T Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ. Описание: Offers a full theory of uneven geographical development, entwining theories of space and nature with a critique of capitalist development. Featuring analyses of the production of nature and the politics of scale, the author anticipated many of the uneven contours that mark neoliberal globalization.
Автор: A. Bhalla Название: Uneven Development in the Third World ISBN: 0333630815 ISBN-13(EAN): 9780333630815 Издательство: Springer Рейтинг: Цена: 158380.00 T Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ. Описание: The book defines uneven development in terms of development strategies and their outcomes. Also three kinds of outcomes are examined: growth of output and productivity, income, consumption and class inequalities in three spatial dimensions - intra-regional, inter-regional and rural-urban.
Автор: Bordoloi Sudarshana Название: The Political Economy of Uneven Rural Development: Case of the Nonfarm Sector in Kerala, India ISBN: 9811545022 ISBN-13(EAN): 9789811545023 Издательство: Springer Рейтинг: Цена: 93160.00 T Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ. Описание: The book shows how class relations develop and is a consequence of capitalist development of the rural non-agricultural/non-farm sector (RNFS)---seen as the dialectical relation between the forces and relations of production---as mediated by the state, which produces uneven social and spatial outcomes.
Название: Uneven Development in South East Asia ISBN: 1138359238 ISBN-13(EAN): 9781138359239 Издательство: Taylor&Francis Рейтинг: Цена: 71450.00 T Наличие на складе: Невозможна поставка. Описание: First published in 1997, this volume responds to the rapid change in mid-1980s South East Asia, exploring the uneven distribution of development within the region and providing broad coverage of different aspects of this unevenness at both the regional and national levels.
Автор: Weimer, David Leo, Название: Behavioral Economics for Cost-Benefit Analysis ISBN: 1316647668 ISBN-13(EAN): 9781316647660 Издательство: Cambridge Academ Рейтинг: Цена: 29570.00 T Наличие на складе: Поставка под заказ. Описание: David L. Weimer assesses the implications of behavioral economics for cost-benefit analysis. The book has two major audiences. First, it provides practical guidelines for policy analysts when behavioral anomalies threaten the validity of conventionally measured benefits. Second, it identifies areas where behavioral economists can make their research more relevant to public policy.
Автор: Heukelom Название: Behavioral Economics ISBN: 1107569540 ISBN-13(EAN): 9781107569546 Издательство: Cambridge Academ Рейтинг: Цена: 33790.00 T Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ. Описание: The book discusses the theories, theorists, and contexts from which behavioral economics arose and shows how this new field in economics subsequently developed. The central theme running through the book is that behavioral economics reflects and contributes to a fundamental reorientation of the foundations upon which economics was based for nearly two hundred years.
Автор: Adam Oliver Название: Reciprocity and the Art of Behavioural Public Policy ISBN: 1108480209 ISBN-13(EAN): 9781108480208 Издательство: Cambridge Academ Рейтинг: Цена: 66530.00 T Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ. Описание: What motivates human behaviour? Drawing on literatures from anthropology to zoology, Oliver examines how we are motivated to give and take, rather than give or take. Oliver considers how the concept of reciprocity could inform public policy in an accessible style that will appeal to graduate students, academics and practitioners alike.
Автор: Mercedes Vera Martin, Tarak Jardak, Robert Tchaidze, Juan P. Trevino, Helen W. Wagner Название: Building Resilient Banking Sectors in the Caucasus and Central Asia ISBN: 148436077X ISBN-13(EAN): 9781484360774 Издательство: Mare Nostrum (Eurospan) Рейтинг: Цена: 23100.00 T Наличие на складе: Невозможна поставка. Описание: External shocks since 2014 — lower oil prices and slower growth in key trading partners — have put financial sectors, mainly banks, in the eight Caucasus and Central Asia (CCA) countries under increased stress. Even before the shocks, CCA banking sectors were not at full strength. Asset quality was generally weak, due in part to shortcomings in regulation, supervision, and governance. The economies were highly dollarized. Business practices were affected by lack of competition and, in most countries, connected lending, which undermined banking sector health. Shortcomings in financial regulation and supervision allowed the unsound banking practices to remain unaddressed. The external shocks exacerbated in these underlying vulnerabilities. Strains in CCA banking sectors intensified as liquidity tightened, asset quality deteriorated, and banks became undercapitalized. These challenges have required public intervention in some cases.
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