A Background on Supernovae: " A Source of Cosmic Creation ", Kisak Paul F., Kisak Edited by Paul F.

Автор: Kisak Edited by Paul F.
Название: A Comprehensive Guide to Rifle Ammunition Vol. 2 of 2: " 150 Cartridges larger than 50 cal. Including Metric Cartridges "
ISBN: 1530241006 ISBN-13(EAN): 9781530241002
Издательство: Неизвестно
Цена: 28680.00 T
Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание: Rifle Ammunition (commonly shortened to ammo) is propellant and projectile, or broadly anything that can be used in combat and fired from a rifled firearm.The purpose of ammunition is to project force against a selected target. However, the nature of ammunition use also includes delivery or combat supporting munitions such as pyrotechnic or incendiary compounds. Since the design of the cartridge, the meaning has been transferred to the assembly of a projectile and its propellant in a single package.Ammunition involves the application of fire to targets, general use of weapons by personnel, explosives and propellants, cartridge systems, high explosive projectiles (HE), warheads, shaped charge forms of attack on armour and aircraft, carrier projectiles, fuzes, mortar ammunition, small arms ammunition, grenades, mines, pyrotechnics, improved conventional munitions, and terminally guided munition.A "round" is a term synonymous with a single cartridge containing a projectile, propellant, primer and casing.This book focuses on the rifle cartridge, its history, dimensions, construction, assembly and use.This volume 2 of 2 focuses on 150 Cartridges larger than 50 cal. Including Metric Cartridges.You can purchase volume 1 which discusses 132 rounds under 39 caliber at https: //www.createspace.com/ 6098488.This book is designed to be a reference and provide an overview of the topic and give the reader a structured knowledge to familiarize yourself with the topic at the most affordable price possible.The accuracy and knowledge is of an international viewpoint as the edited articles represent the inputs of many knowledgeable individuals and some of the most current knowledge on the topic, based on the date of publication. Also see these classics: "Know Your Ammo " Manual & Guide to Reloading & Comparing the 'Best of the Best' Loads. - $19.95 (268 pages), The Basics of Firearms - $19.95 (214 pages), An Introduction to the Ballistics of Firearms - $19.95 (362 pages), A Comprehensive Guide to Rifle Ammunition Vol. 1 - $24.95 (446 pages), A Comprehensive Guide to Rifle Ammunition Vol. 2 - $24.95 (566 pages), The Basics of Explosives Vol. 1 - $19.95 (246 pages), The Basics of Explosives Vol. 2 - $19.95 (214 pages), A Comprehensive Guide to Munitions - $19.95 (402 pages), Military History - $19.95 (292 pages), U.S. Special Operations Command - $19.95 (214 pages), Warfare - $19.95 (402 pages).

Автор: Kisak Edited by Paul F.
Название: Human Virtues: " the Traits of Moral Excellence "
ISBN: 153335412X ISBN-13(EAN): 9781533354129
Издательство: Неизвестно
Цена: 26380.00 T
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Описание: Virtue is moral excellence. A virtue is a trait or quality deemed to be morally good and thus is a foundation of principle and good moral being. Personal virtues are characteristics valued as promoting collective and individual greatness. The opposite of virtue is vice.In his work Nicomachean Ethics, Aristotle defined a virtue as a point between a deficiency and an excess of a trait. The point of greatest virtue lies not in the exact middle, but at a golden mean sometimes closer to one extreme than the other. However, the virtuous action is not simply the "mean" (mathematically speaking) between two opposite extremes. As Aristotle says in the Nicomachean Ethics: "at the right times, about the right things, towards the right people, for the right end, and in the right way, is the intermediate and best condition, and this is proper to virtue." This is not simply splitting the difference between two extremes. For example, generosity is a virtue between the two extrema of miserliness and being profligate. Further examples include: courage between cowardice and foolhardiness, and confidence between self-deprecation and vanity. In Aristotle's sense, virtue is excellence at being human.This book gives a very thorough outline, overview and discussion of the virtues of the human character and is designed to be a reference and provide an overview of the topic and give the reader a structured knowledge to familiarize yourself with the topic at the most affordable price possible.The accuracy and knowledge is of an international viewpoint as the edited articles represent the inputs of many knowledgeable individuals and some of the most current knowledge on the topic, based on the date of publication.

Автор: Kisak Edited by Paul F.
Название: CRISPR Technology: " The Revolutionary Breakthrough for Genetics & Evolution "
ISBN: 1548451517 ISBN-13(EAN): 9781548451516
Издательство: Неизвестно
Цена: 28680.00 T
Наличие на складе: Невозможна поставка.
Описание: CRISPR is an acronym for Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats which are segments of prokaryotic DNA containing short, repetitive base sequences. These play a key role in a bacterial defense system and form the basis of a genome editing technology known as CRISPR/Cas9 that allows permanent modification of genes within organisms. In a palindromic repeat, the sequence of nucleotides is the same in both directions. Each repetition is followed by short segments of spacer DNA from previous exposures to foreign DNA (e.g., a virus or plasmid). Small clusters of cas (CRISPR-associated system) genes are located next to CRISPR sequences.The CRISPR/Cas system is a prokaryotic immune system that confers resistance to foreign genetic elements such as those present within plasmids and phages that provides a form of acquired immunity. RNA harboring the spacer sequence helps Cas proteins recognize and cut exogenous DNA. Other RNA-guided Cas proteins cut foreign RNA. CRISPRs are found in approximately 40% of sequenced bacterial genomes and 90% of sequenced archaea.A simple version of the CRISPR/Cas system, CRISPR/Cas9, has been modified to edit genomes. By delivering the Cas9 nuclease complexed with a synthetic guide RNA (gRNA) into a cell, the cell's genome can be cut at a desired location, allowing existing genes to be removed and/or new ones added. The Cas9-gRNA complex corresponds with the CAS III crRNA complex in the above diagram. CRISPR/Cas genome editing techniques have many potential applications, including medicine and crop seed enhancement. The use of CRISPR/Cas9-gRNA complex for genome editing was the AAAS's choice for breakthrough of the year in 2015. Bioethical concerns have been raised about the prospect of using CRISPR for germline editing.This book is designed to be a state of the art, superb academic reference work and provide an overview of the topic and give the reader a structured knowledge to familiarize yourself with the topic at the most affordable price possible.The accuracy and knowledge is of an international viewpoint as the edited articles represent the inputs of many knowledgeable individuals and some of the most current knowledge on the topic, based on the date of publication.

Автор: Kisak Edited by Paul F.
Название: The Human Genome: The Complete Nucleic Acid Sequence for Human DNA
ISBN: 1532979762 ISBN-13(EAN): 9781532979767
Издательство: Неизвестно
Цена: 28680.00 T
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Описание: The human genome is the complete set of nucleic acid sequence for humans (Homo sapiens), encoded as DNA within the 23chromosome pairs in cell nuclei and in a small DNA molecule found within individual mitochondria. Human genomes include both protein-coding DNA genes and noncoding DNA. Haploid human genomes, which are contained in germ cells (the egg and spermgamete cells created in the meiosis phase of sexual reproduction before fertilization creates a zygote) consist of three billion DNAbase pairs, while diploid genomes (found in somatic cells) have twice the DNA content. While there are significant differences among the genomes of human individuals (on the order of 0.1%), these are considerably smaller than the differences between humans and their closest living relatives, the chimpanzees (approximately 4%) and bonobos.The Human Genome Project produced the first complete sequences of individual human genomes, with the first draft sequence and initial analysis being published on February 12, 2001. The human genome was the first of all vertebrates to be completely sequenced. As of 2012, thousands of human genomes have been completely sequenced, and many more have been mapped at lower levels of resolution. The resulting data are used worldwide in biomedical science, anthropology, forensics and other branches of science. There is a widely held expectation that genomic studies will lead to advances in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases, and to new insights in many fields of biology, including human evolution.There are an estimated 20,000-25,000 human protein-coding genes. The estimate of the number of human genes has been repeatedly revised down from initial predictions of 100,000 or more as genome sequence quality and gene finding methods have improved, and could continue to drop further. Protein-coding sequences account for only a very small fraction of the genome (approximately 1.5%), and the rest is associated with non-coding RNA molecules, regulatory DNA sequences, LINEs, SINEs, introns, and sequences for which as yet no function has been determined.The total length of the human genome is over 3 billion base pairs. The genome is organized into 22 paired chromosomes, plus the X chromosome (one in males, two in females) and, in males only, one Y chromosome. These are all large linear DNA molecules contained within the cell nucleus. The genome also includes the mitochondrial DNA, a comparatively small circular molecule present in each mitochondrion. Basic information about these molecules and their gene content, based on a reference genome that does not represent the sequence of any specific individual, are provided in the following table.This book is an excellent overview of the human genome, the genetics involved and DNA and is designed to be a state of the art, superb academic reference work and provide an overview of the topic and give the reader a structured knowledge to familiarize yourself with the topic at the most affordable price possible.The accuracy and knowledge is of an international viewpoint as the edited articles represent the inputs of many knowledgeable individuals and some of the most current knowledge on the topic, based on the date of publication.

Автор: Kisak Edited by Paul F.
Название: Human Evolution: " Prehistory to Present "
ISBN: 1532828845 ISBN-13(EAN): 9781532828843
Издательство: Неизвестно
Цена: 28680.00 T
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Описание: Human evolution is the evolutionary process that led to the emergence of anatomically modern humans. The topic typically focuses on the evolutionary history of the primates-in particular the genus Homo, and the emergence of Homo sapiens as a distinct species of the hominids (or "great apes")-rather than studying the earlier history that led to the primates. The study of human evolution involves many scientific disciplines, including physical anthropology, primatology, archaeology, paleontology, neurobiology, ethology, linguistics, evolutionary psychology, embryologyand genetics. Genetic studies show that primates diverged from other mammals about 85million years ago, in the Late Cretaceous period, and the earliest fossils appear in the Paleocene, around 55million years ago. Within the Hominoidea (apes) superfamily, the Hominidaefamily diverged from the Hylobatidae (gibbon) family some 15-20 million years ago; African great apes (subfamily Homininae) diverged fromorangutans (Ponginae) about 14million years ago; the Hominini tribe (humans, Australopithecines and other extinct biped genera, and chimpanzees) parted from the Gorillini tribe (gorillas) about 8 million years ago; and, in turn, the subtribes Hominina (humans and biped ancestors) and Panina (chimps) separated about 7.5 million years ago. The basic adaptation of the hominin line is bipedalism. The earliest bipedal hominin is considered to be either Sahelanthropus or Orrorin; alternatively, either Sahelanthropus or Orrorin may instead be the last shared ancestor between chimps and humans. Ardipithecus, a full biped, arose somewhat later, and the early bipeds eventually evolved into the australopithecines, and later into the genus Homo. The earliest documented representative of the genus Homo is Homo habilis, which evolved around 2.8 million years ago, and is arguably the earliest species for which there is positive evidence of the use of stone tools. The brains of these early hominins were about the same size as that of a chimpanzee, although it has been suggested that this was the time in which the human SRGAP2 gene doubled, producing a more rapid wiring of the frontal cortex. During the next million years a process of rapid encephalization occurred, and with the arrival of Homo erectus and Homo ergaster in the fossil record, cranial capacity had doubled to 850 cm3. (Such an increase in human brain size is equivalent to each generation having 125,000 more neurons than their parents.) It is believed that Homo erectus and Homo ergaster were the first to use fire and complex tools, and were the first of the hominin line to leave Africa, spreading throughout Africa, Asia, and Europe between 1.3 to 1.8 million years ago.According to the recent African origin of modern humans theory, modern humans evolved in Africa possibly from Homo heidelbergensis, Homo rhodesiensis or Homo antecessorand migrated out of the continent some 50,000 to 100,000 years ago, gradually replacing local populations of Homo erectus, Denisova hominins, Homo floresiensis and Homo neanderthalensis. Archaic Homo sapiens, the forerunner of anatomically modern humans, evolved in the Middle Paleolithic between 400,000 and 250,000 years ago. This book discusses the latest comprehensive information about human evolution and is designed to be a reference and provide an overview of the topic and give the reader a structured knowledge to familiarize yourself with the topic at the most affordable price possible.The accuracy and knowledge is of an international viewpoint as the edited articles represent the inputs of many knowledgeable individuals and some of the most current knowledge on the topic, based on the date of publication.

Автор: Kisak Edited by Paul F.
Название: The Basics of Explosives: " The Chemistry of Explosive Compounds "
ISBN: 1539447707 ISBN-13(EAN): 9781539447702
Издательство: Неизвестно
Цена: 28680.00 T
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Описание: For Military & Law Enforcement OnlyExplosives are used around the world for both productive purposes such as building hydroelectric dams and mining and destructive purposes, primarily by the military. Explosives are usually divided into two classes those that burn and those that detonate. Detonated explosives typically produce a shock front or shock wave that results from an exothermic chemical reaction. This chemical reaction usually results in a relatively stable compound being exposed to a concentrated source of energy such as a blasting cap or other type of detonation device. The solid explosive will phase shift to a high temperature expanding gas in approximately one-millionth of a second (a nanosecond) with pressures exceeding several million pounds per square inch.For one example we can examine 'Det Cord', also known as Primacord which is usually produced in rolled up or coiled section of cord. This cord is then unwound and when detonated will produce an explosive front along the length of the cord that travels at the speed of 5 miles per second. In other words, if you laid out 5 miles of Det cord, and detonated it, the 5 miles of cord would be explosively spent in one second. Whereas if you burned or ignited the same amount cord it could take weeks to burn to completion.This 2 volume set explains the nature of the various industrial and military explosives and also discusses some of the chemistry involved in these explosives - particularly in the 2nd volume.

Автор: Kisak Edited by Paul F.
Название: All About Libraries: " The Types & Organization of Libraries "
ISBN: 1533167192 ISBN-13(EAN): 9781533167194
Издательство: Неизвестно
Цена: 22930.00 T
Наличие на складе: Невозможна поставка.
Описание: A library is a collection of sources of information and similar resources, made accessible to a defined community for reference or borrowing.It provides physical or digital access to material, and may be a physical building or room, or a virtual space, or both. A library's collection can include books, periodicals, newspapers, manuscripts, films, maps, prints, documents, microform, CDs, cassettes, videotapes, DVDs, Blu-ray Discs, e-books, audiobooks, databases, and other formats. Libraries range in size from a few shelves of books to several million items.The first libraries consisted of archives of the earliest form of writing-the clay tablets in cuneiform script discovered in Sumer, some dating back to 2600 BC. Private or personal libraries made up of written books appeared in classical Greece in the 5th century BC. In the 6th century, at the very close of the Classical period, the great libraries of the Mediterranean world remained those of Constantinople and Alexandria.A library is organized for use and maintained by a public body, an institution, a corporation, or a private individual. Public and institutional collections and services may be intended for use by people who choose not to-or cannot afford to-purchase an extensive collection themselves, who need material no individual can reasonably be expected to have, or who require professional assistance with their research. In addition to providing materials, libraries also provide the services of librarians who are experts at finding and organizing information and at interpreting information needs. Libraries often provide quiet areas for studying, and they also often offer common areas to facilitate group study and collaboration. Libraries often provide public facilities for access to their electronic resources and the Internet. Modern libraries are increasingly being redefined as places to get unrestricted access to information in many formats and from many sources. They are extending services beyond the physical walls of a building, by providing material accessible by electronic means, and by providing the assistance of librarians in navigating and analyzing very large amounts of information with a variety of digital tools.This book describes the various types and uses of libraries and is designed to be a reference and provide an overview of the topic and give the reader a structured knowledge to familiarize yourself with the topic at the most affordable price possible.The accuracy and knowledge is of an international viewpoint as the edited articles represent the inputs of many knowledgeable individuals and some of the most current knowledge on the topic, based on the date of publication.

Автор: Kisak Edited by Paul F.
Название: Timelines of Discovery in Physics: Classical to Quantum
ISBN: 1532976739 ISBN-13(EAN): 9781532976735
Издательство: Неизвестно
Цена: 22930.00 T
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Описание: Physics is the fundamental branch of science that developed out of the study of nature and philosophy known, until around the end of the 19th century, as "natural philosophy". Today, physics is ultimately defined as the study of matter, energy and the relationships between them. Physics is, in some senses, the oldest and most basic pure science; its discoveries find applications throughout the natural sciences, since matter and energy are the basic constituents of the natural world. The other sciences are generally more limited in their scope and may be considered branches that have split off from physics to become sciences in their own right. Physics today may be divided loosely into classical physics and modern physics. Elements of what became physics were drawn primarily from the fields of astronomy, optics, and mechanics, which were methodologically united through the study of geometry. These mathematical disciplines began in antiquity with the Babylonians and with Hellenistic writers such as Archimedes and Ptolemy. Ancient philosophy, meanwhile - including what was called "physics" - focused on explaining nature through ideas such as Aristotle's four types of "cause". Advances in the knowledge of the laws of nature consisting either of experimental discoveries or theoretical proposals that were confirmed experimentally. This book outlines the discoveries made in the following fields of physics. -Nature timeline (Formation of The Universe) -Timeline of fundamental physics discoveries -Timeline of classical mechanics -Timeline of electromagnetism and classical optics -Timeline of electromagnetic theory -Timeline of thermodynamics -Timeline of states of matter and phase transitions -Timeline of gravitational physics and relativity -Timeline of atomic and subatomic physics -Timeline of particle physics -Timeline of particle discoveries -Timeline of nuclear fusion -Timeline of theoretical physics -Timeline of computational physics -Timeline of cosmological theories -Timeline of black hole physics -Timeline of heat engine technology -Timeline of particle physics technology -Timeline of physical chemistry -Timeline of quantum mechanics -Timeline of quantum computing This book is designed to be a state of the art, superb academic reference work and provide an overview of the topic and give the reader a structured knowledge to familiarize yourself with the topic at the most affordable price possible. The accuracy and knowledge is of an international viewpoint as the edited articles represent the inputs of many knowledgeable individuals and some of the most current knowledge on the topic, based on the date of publication.

Автор: Kisak Edited by Paul F.
Название: A Comprehensive Guide to Rifle Ammunition Vol. 1 of 2: " 132 Rifle Cartridges Under 39 Caliber "
ISBN: 1530240700 ISBN-13(EAN): 9781530240708
Издательство: Неизвестно
Цена: 28680.00 T
Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание: Rifle Ammunition (commonly shortened to ammo) is propellant and projectile, or broadly anything that can be used in combat and fired from a rifled firearm.The purpose of ammunition is to project force against a selected target. However, the nature of ammunition use also includes delivery or combat supporting munitions such as pyrotechnic or incendiary compounds. Since the design of the cartridge, the meaning has been transferred to the assembly of a projectile and its propellant in a single package.Ammunition involves the application of fire to targets, general use of weapons by personnel, explosives and propellants, cartridge systems, high explosive projectiles (HE), warheads, shaped charge forms of attack on armour and aircraft, carrier projectiles, fuzes, mortar ammunition, small arms ammunition, grenades, mines, pyrotechnics, improved conventional munitions, and terminally guided munition.A "round" is a term synonymous with a single cartridge containing a projectile, propellant, primer and casing.This book focuses on the rifle cartridge, its history, dimensions, construction, assembly and use.This volume 1 focuses on 132 rounds under 39 caliber. You can purchase volume 2 which discusses 150 Cartridges larger than 50cal. Including Metric Cartridges. This book is designed to be a reference and provide an overview of the topic and give the reader a structured knowledge to familiarize yourself with the topic at the most affordable price possible.The accuracy and knowledge is of an international viewpoint as the edited articles represent the inputs of many knowledgeable individuals and some of the most current knowledge on the topic, based on the date of publication. Also see these classics: "Know Your Ammo " Manual & Guide to Reloading & Comparing the 'Best of the Best' Loads. - $19.95 (268 pages), The Basics of Firearms - $19.95 (214 pages), An Introduction to the Ballistics of Firearms - $19.95 (362 pages), A Comprehensive Guide to Rifle Ammunition Vol. 1 - $24.95 (446 pages), A Comprehensive Guide to Rifle Ammunition Vol. 2 - $24.95 (566 pages), The Basics of Explosives Vol. 1 - $19.95 (246 pages), The Basics of Explosives Vol. 2 - $19.95 (214 pages), A Comprehensive Guide to Munitions - $19.95 (402 pages), Military History - $19.95 (292 pages), U.S. Special Operations Command - $19.95 (214 pages), Warfare - $19.95 (402 pages).

Автор: Kisak Edited by Paul F.
Название: Cultural Mythology: " the Similarities of Mythology Across Cultures "
ISBN: 1533167710 ISBN-13(EAN): 9781533167712
Издательство: Неизвестно
Цена: 22930.00 T
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Описание: Mythology can refer to the collected myths of a group of people-their collection of stories they tell to explain nature, history, and customs -or to the study of such myths. Seminal studies in this area were done by the remarkable works of Joseph Campbell (see The Power of Myth). As a collection of explanatory stories, mythology is a vital feature of every culture. Many sources for myths have been proposed, ranging from personification of nature or personification of natural phenomena, to truthful or hyperbolic accounts of historical events to explanations of existing rituals. Although the term is complicated by its implicit condescension, mythologizing is not just an ancient or primitive practice, as shown by contemporary mythopoeia such as urban legends and the expansive fictional mythoi created by fantasy novels and comics. A culture's collective mythology helps convey belonging, shared and religious experiences, behavioral models, and moral and practical lessons. The study of myth dates back to ancient history. Rival classes of the Greek myths by Euhemerus, Plato, and Sallustius were developed by the Neoplatonists and later revived by Renaissance mythographers. The nineteenth-century comparative mythology reinterpreted myth as a primitive and failed counterpart of science (E. B. Tylor), a "disease of language" (Max M ller), or a misinterpretation of magical ritual (James Frazer). Recent approaches have rejected conflict between the value of myth and rational thought, often viewing myths as expressions to understand general psychological, cultural, or societal truths, rather than as inaccurate historical accounts. This book discusses the cultural mythologies that have been propagated throughout history by various world cultures and is designed to be a reference and provide an overview of the topic and give the reader a structured knowledge to familiarize yourself with the topic at the most affordable price possible. The purpose of this series of books on religion, mythology and theology is designed to illuminate the necessity to emphasize our common humanity and eliminate the battles and divisiveness that exist in the ongoing religious struggles. The accuracy and knowledge is of an international viewpoint as the edited articles represent the inputs of many knowledgeable individuals and some of the most current knowledge on the topic, based on the date of publication.

Автор: Kisak Edited by Paul F.
Название: The Basics of Explosives: " The Design & Function "
ISBN: 1539447308 ISBN-13(EAN): 9781539447306
Издательство: Неизвестно
Цена: 28680.00 T
Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание: For Military & Law Enforcement OnlyExplosives are used around the world for both productive purposes such as building hydroelectric dams and mining and destructive purposes, primarily by the military. Explosives are usually divided into two classes those that burn and those that detonate. Detonated explosives typically produce a shock front or shock wave that results from an exothermic chemical reaction. This chemical reaction usually results in a relatively stable compound being exposed to a concentrated source of energy such as a blasting cap or other type of detonation device. The solid explosive will phase shift to a high temperature expanding gas in approximately one-millionth of a second (a nanosecond) with pressures exceeding several million pounds per square inch.For one example we can examine 'Det Cord', also known as Primacord which is usually produced in rolled up or coiled section of cord. This cord is then unwound and when detonated will produce an explosive front along the length of the cord that travels at the speed of 5 miles per second. In other words, if you laid out 5 miles of Det cord, and detonated it, the 5 miles of cord would be explosively spent in one second. Whereas if you burned or ignited the same amount cord it could take weeks to burn to completion.This 2 volume set explains the nature of the various industrial and military explosives and also discusses some of the chemistry involved in these explosives - particularly in the 2nd volume.

Автор: Kisak Edited by Paul F.
Название: Dark Matter: "Theories on its Origin & Substance "
ISBN: 1515163660 ISBN-13(EAN): 9781515163664
Издательство: Неизвестно
Цена: 28680.00 T
Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание: Dark matter is a hypothetical kind of matter that cannot be seen with telescopes but would account for most of the matter in the universe. The existence and properties of dark matter are inferred from its gravitational effects on visible matter, radiation, and the large-scale structure of the universe. Dark matter has not been detected directly, making it one of the greatest mysteries in modern astrophysics.Dark matter neither emits nor absorbs light, or any other electromagnetic radiation, at any significant level. According to the Planck mission team, and based on the standard model of cosmology, the total mass-energy of the known universe contains 4.9% ordinary matter, 26.8% dark matter and 68.3% dark energy. Thus, dark matter plus dark energy is estimated to constitute 95.1% of the total mass-energy content of the universe.This book discusses the latest information regarding "Dark Matter" and is designed to be a reference and provide an overview of the topic and give the reader a structured knowledge to familiarize yourself with the topic at the most affordable price possible.The accuracy and knowledge is of an international viewpoint as the edited articles represent the inputs of many knowledgeable individuals and some of the most current knowledge on the topic, based on the date of publication.