Confronting Drought in Africa`s Drylands: Opportunities for Enhancing Resilience, Raffaello Cervigni, Michael Morris

Автор: del Ninno Carlo, Coll-Black Sarah, Fallavier Pierre
Название: Social Protection Programs for Africa`s Drylands
ISBN: 1464808465 ISBN-13(EAN): 9781464808463
Издательство: Mare Nostrum (Eurospan)
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Цена: 25040.00 T
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Описание: Social Protection Programs for Africa's Drylands explores the role of social protection in promoting the well-being and prosperity of people living in dryland regions of Sub-Saharan Africa, with a specifi c focus on the Sahel and the Horn of Africa. Based on a review of recent experience, it argues that social protection policies and programs have an important role in promoting the resilience of the people residing in these areas. Social protection programs, when well designed and carefully implemented at scale, can reduce vulnerability to droughts and other shocks and promote coping capacity. If present trends continue, by 2030 dryland regions of East and West Africa will be home to an estimated 429 million people, up to 24 percent of whom will be living in chronic poverty. Many others will depend on livelihood strategies that are sensitive to the shocks that will hit the region with increasing frequency and severity, making them vulnerable to falling into transient poverty. Social protection programs will be needed in the drylands to provide support to those unable to meet their basic needs. Some of these people will require long-term support, while others will require periodic short-term support because of income losses due to shocks (for example, crop failure following a drought) or as a result of lifecycle changes (for example, loss of a breadwinner). Safety net programs can increase resilience in the short term by improving coping capacity of vulnerable households. Rapidly scalable safety nets that provide cash, food, or other resources to shock-affected households can allow them to recover from unexpected shocks. Scaling up an existing safety net program can be far less expensive than relying on appeals for humanitarian assistance to meet urgent needs. Social protection programs can increase resilience over the longer term by reducing sensitivity to shocks of vulnerable households especially if combined with other development programs. Providing predictable support to chronically poor households and enabling them to invest in productive assets and access basic social services can effectively reduce these households' sensitivity to future shocks, help them participate in the growth process, and take advantage of the investments made in agricultural and pastoralist activities proposed in the drylands.

Автор: Kurt Schwabe; Jose Albiac; Jeffery D. Connor; Rash
Название: Drought in Arid and Semi-Arid Regions
ISBN: 9400766351 ISBN-13(EAN): 9789400766358
Издательство: Springer
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Цена: 156720.00 T
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Описание: This book shows how scientists, water managers and policy makers approach drought and water scarcity in arid and semi-arid areas of Spain, Mexico, Australia, South Africa and the US. Covers irrigation, ecological impacts, economic considerations and more.

Автор: Mahesh K. Gaur; Victor R. Squires
Название: Climate Variability Impacts on Land Use and Livelihoods in Drylands
ISBN: 3319566806 ISBN-13(EAN): 9783319566801
Издательство: Springer
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Цена: 149060.00 T
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Описание: This edited volume is devoted to the examination of the implications of the inevitable changes wrought by global change on the welfare and livelihoods of tens of millions of people who live in dryland regions. Global change is more than just climate change and the ramifications of changing trade patterns (geopolitical and economic aspects), the shift to the market economy, demographic factors (population growth, urbanization and re-settlement), receive attention here. Land use change specialists, policy makers and natural resource management agencies will find the book very useful.

Автор: Cathy Lee; Thomas Schaaf
Название: The Future of Drylands
ISBN: 1402069693 ISBN-13(EAN): 9781402069697
Издательство: Springer
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Цена: 232910.00 T
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Описание: Offers practical solutions for combating desertification along with conserving and sustainably managing dryland ecosystems. This book documents how our improved understanding of drylands provides insight into the health and future prospects of these precious ecosystems that should help ensure that dryland communities enjoy a sustainable future.

Автор: Mohamed Ouessar; Donald Gabriels; Atsushi Tsunekaw
Название: Water and Land Security in Drylands
ISBN: 3319540203 ISBN-13(EAN): 9783319540207
Издательство: Springer
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Цена: 139310.00 T
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Описание: Contribution to the study of water stress on olive growing under the effect of climate change in South East of Tunisia.- Climate Change Impacts in the Maghreb Region: Status and Prospects of the Water Resources.- Effect of high temperature stress on wheat and barley production in Northern Tunisia.- Study of artificial recharge and climate change, using a numerical model: Figuig aquifer (Eastern High Atlas of Morocco).- Calibration of salinity stress parameters of AquaCrop for barley under different irrigation regimes in a dry environment.- Groundwater recharge of the Kairouan plain aquifer: Evidence of preferential flow paths through the El Haouareb limestones?.- Evapotranspiration of wheat in a hilly topography: results from measurements using a set of eddy covariance stations.- Assessing the groundwater pollution problem by nitrate and faecal bacteria: Case of Djerba unconfined aquifer (southeast Tunisia).- Salt and water dynamic of potato crop under irrigation with low quality waters.

Автор: Gray Erin, Henninger Norbert, Reij Chris
Название: Integrated Landscape Approaches for Africa S Drylands
ISBN: 1464808260 ISBN-13(EAN): 9781464808265
Издательство: Mare Nostrum (Eurospan)
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Цена: 29260.00 T
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Описание: Integrated Landscape Approaches for Africa's Drylands presents emerging fi ndings on the importance of moving beyond single-sector interventions to embrace integrated landscape management that takes into account the health of the ecosystems that support human livelihoods and contribute to the resilience of rural communities in Sub-Saharan African drylands. Integrated landscape management is particularly important for these drylands because people depend on production systems that are frequently disrupted by exogenous shocks such as drought. The ecological and economic evidence presented in this book shows that integrated landscape management can enhance efforts to invest in tree-based systems and improved livestock management and support productivity increases for rain-fed cropping. Integrated landscape management efforts have helped to coordinate the actions of multiple land users and other stakeholders, reduced confl icts, and improved overall governance of water, land, and other resources. Integrated landscape management is thus a useful approach to enhance the intensifi cation of dryland cropping systems and will, in many locations (but not always), result in multiple wins-- including improved farm productivity, water benefi ts at the farm and landscape levels, carbon sequestration, biodiversity and other ecosystem services benefi ts, and higher climate resilience. Various policies and related interventions can be used to trigger and accelerate the scaling up of these benefi ts through integrated landscape management across Sub-Saharan African drylands to restore and increase household and ecological resilience. Policies are needed to develop the framework conditions necessary to both initiate new programs and modify and scale up existing restoration and resilience efforts. The book highlights policy options, covering six broad intervention areas: (1) Clarify land rights and responsibilities; (2) Encourage multistakeholder involvement and collective action; (3) Overcome institutional barriers to integrated landscape management; (4) Create conditions for adaptive planning and management; (5) Create mechanisms and supporting policies for sustainable and long-term fi nancing of integrated landscape management; and (6) Invest in a solid evidence base and knowledge-sharing platforms for integrated landscape management.

Автор: Harrower
Название: Water Histories and Spatial Archaeology
ISBN: 110713465X ISBN-13(EAN): 9781107134652
Издательство: Cambridge Academ
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Цена: 95040.00 T
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Описание: This book offers a new explanation for the spatial-political-environmental dynamics of water and irrigation in the long-term histories of two arid regions, Southwest Arabia (3500 BC-AD 600) and the American West (2000 BC-AD 1950).

Автор: Eric T. Freyfogle
Название: Water, Community, and the Culture of Owning
ISBN: 1607816326 ISBN-13(EAN): 9781607816324
Издательство: Mare Nostrum (Eurospan)
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Цена: 9240.00 T
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Описание: In this timely work, Eric Freyfogle probes the long-simmering struggles in the American West to address water-related problem. The big challenge is to resolve water shortages and meet high-valued water needs while also improving river ecosystems. These water conflicts, he suggests, have less to do with our contentious political differences than they do with longstanding core elements of American culture—inherited, shared ways of understanding our place in nature that no longer make good sense. Particularly troublesome are the ways we fragment it, valuing its parts as discrete commodities. Also at play is our cultural inability to think clearly about how best to draw the line between the legitimate use of nature and the abuse of it.    Building on these cultural critiques, Freyfogle takes up the issue of private property rights, highlighting the longstanding flexibility of this key American institution as well as the moral imperative to ensure that property rights aren’t used in ways that harm communities. Outdated understandings about private property, he concludes, have further confused our understanding and made sensible solutions to water problems even harder to imagine. Water-policy reform won’t happen, Freyfogle argues, until we reconsider how we understand nature and take charge of the institution of ownership, recasting it so as to increase the benefits it generates for everyone. If we can do that, solutions to water troubles could prove easier than we expect. The work concludes with an original, sweeping policy proposal to resolve the West’s water shortages and meet environmental needs in ways fair to all.   This lecture was presented on March 22, 2017, at the 22nd annual symposium sponsored by the Wallace Stegner Center for Land, Resources and the Environment at the S. J. Quinney College of Law, University of Utah.

Автор: Federica Carfagna, Raffaello Cervigni, Pierre Fallavier
Название: Mitigating Drought Impacts in Drylands: Quantifying the Potential for Strengthening Crop and Livestock Based Livelihoods
ISBN: 1464812268 ISBN-13(EAN): 9781464812262
Издательство: Mare Nostrum (Eurospan)
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Цена: 29260.00 T
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Описание: Drylands account for three-quarters of Sub-Saharan Africa's cropland, two-thirds of cereal production, and four-fifths of livestock holdings. Today frequent and severe shocks, especially droughts, limit the livelihood opportunities available to millions of households and undermine efforts to eradicate poverty in the drylands. Prospects for sustainable development of drylands are assessed in this book through the lens of resilience, understood here to mean the ability of people to withstand and respond to droughts and other shocks. An original model was developed expressly to consistently and coherently evaluate different type of interventions on the ground, which provided a common framework to anticipate the scale of the challenges likely to arise in drylands, as well as to generate insights into opportunities for addressing those challenges.Such modelling framework consisted in a) estimating the baseline vulnerability profiles of people living in drylands (2010), b) estimate the evolution of vulnerability by 2030 under a range of assumptions, c) calculated the number of people affected by drought in the different administrative units of each country, and d) evaluate different types of interventions in agriculture and livestock for mitigating drought impact by calculating the potential for reducing the number of people affected for each scenario and conducting a simplified · benefit/cost (B/C) analysis for each type of intervention.For livestock, simulation models were used to estimate the impacts of feed balances, livestock production, and household income resilience interventions under different climate scenarios). For agriculture, the DSSAT (Decision Support System for Agrotechnology Transfer) framework was used to assess the potential impact on yields likely to result from adoption of five crop farming technologies: (1) drought-tolerant varieties, (2) heat-tolerant varieties, (3) additional fertilizer, (4) agroforestry practices, (S) irrigation (6) water-harvesting techniques and selected combinations thereof.

Автор: Ward Christopher
Название: Improved Agricultural Water Management for Africa S Drylands
ISBN: 1464808325 ISBN-13(EAN): 9781464808326
Издательство: Mare Nostrum (Eurospan)
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Цена: 29260.00 T
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Описание: Dryland regions in Sub-Saharan Africa are home to one-half of the region's population and three-quarters of its poor. Poor both in natural resources and in assets and income, the inhabitants of drylands are highly vulnerable to droughts and other shocks. Despite a long history of interventions by governments, development agencies, and civil society organizations, there have been no sustained large-scale successes toward improving the resilience of drylands dwellers. Improved Agricultural Water Management for Africa's Drylands describes the extent to which agricultural water management interventions in dryland regions of Sub-Saharan Africa can enhance the resilience and improve the well-being of the people living in those regions, proposes what can realistically be done to promote improved agricultural water management, and sets out how stakeholders can make those improvements. After reviewing the current status of irrigation and agricultural water management in the drylands, the authors discuss technical, economic, and institutional challenges to expanding irrigation. A model developed at the International Food Policy Research Institute is used to project the potential for irrigation development in the Sahel Region and the Horn of Africa. The modeling results show that irrigation development in the drylands can reduce vulnerability and improve the resilience of hundreds of thousands of farming households, but rainfed agriculture will continue to dominate for the foreseeable future. Fortunately, many soil and water conservation practices that can improve the productivity and ensure the sustainability of rainfed cropping systems are available. The purpose of this book is to demonstrate the potentially highly benefi cial role of water and water management in drylands agriculture in association with agronomic improvements, market growth, and infrastructure development, and to assess the technological and socioeconomic conditions and institutional policy frameworks that can remove barriers to adoption and allow wide-scale take-up of improved agricultural water management in the dryland regions of Sub-Saharan Africa.

Автор: Mortimore Michael
Название: Roots in the African Dust: Sustaining the Sub-Saharan Drylands
ISBN: 0521457858 ISBN-13(EAN): 9780521457859
Издательство: Cambridge Academ
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Цена: 33790.00 T
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Описание: This account of the state of knowledge concerning dryland Africa dismisses the misleading and overly generalised image of a continent dogged by poverty, drought, degradation, and famine. Offering a more optimistic view of change in the drylands, it synthesises much of the best work from past years.

Автор: Place Frank, Garrity Dennis, Mohan Sid
Название: Tree-Based Production Systems for Africa S Drylands
ISBN: 1464808287 ISBN-13(EAN): 9781464808289
Издательство: Mare Nostrum (Eurospan)
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Цена: 25040.00 T
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Описание: Tree-based production systems have enormous potential to reduce vulnerability and increase the resilience of households living in dryland regions of Sub-Saharan Africa. Trees are key providers of biomass, which is critical for many livelihood needs. Wood from trees is the leading source of energy in many dryland countries and is an important construction material. Foliage and pods from trees and shrubs are the most important source of feed for camels and goats, which are the dominant livestock species in the more arid parts of the drylands. Trees and shrubs offer enhanced sources of the organic matter needed to improve the structure and raise the fertility of soils used for agriculture. Many parts of trees provide different medicinal products for people. And fruits and vegetable foliage harvested from trees are important seasonal food sources for people living in drylands, and for sale. The benefits from trees take on added value when one considers that they are relatively impervious to many of the shocks that affect other production systems, especially livestock keeping and agriculture. Trees, with their deep rooting systems, maintain their standing value and offer some production even in drought years. They are therefore a good buffer against climatic risk and are a critical element in a diversification strategy designed to maintain levels of consumption and income in good times and bad. In addition, their value can be tapped when it is most needed: wood from trees can be harvested throughout the year, and many annual tree products are harvested at times different from the times when annual crops are harvested. 'Tree-Based Production Systems for Africa's Drylands' identifies some of the most promising investment opportunities at the level of tree-based systems, species (products), and well-defined management practices for accelerating rural economic growth in the drylands.