Drought - Science and Policy, Iglesias

Автор: Kurt Schwabe; Jose Albiac; Jeffery D. Connor; Rash
Название: Drought in Arid and Semi-Arid Regions
ISBN: 9400766351 ISBN-13(EAN): 9789400766358
Издательство: Springer
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Цена: 156720.00 T
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Описание: This book shows how scientists, water managers and policy makers approach drought and water scarcity in arid and semi-arid areas of Spain, Mexico, Australia, South Africa and the US. Covers irrigation, ecological impacts, economic considerations and more.

Автор: Cook Ben
Название: Drought: An Interdisciplinary Perspective
ISBN: 0231176880 ISBN-13(EAN): 9780231176880
Издательство: Wiley
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Цена: 105600.00 T
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Описание: Benjamin I. Cook brings together climate science, hydrology, and ecology to provide a synthetic overview of drought and its environmental and social consequences. Drought is a critical interdisciplinary text that will be essential reading for a broad range of students in earth science and environmental and sustainability studies.

Автор: del Ninno Carlo, Coll-Black Sarah, Fallavier Pierre
Название: Social Protection Programs for Africa`s Drylands
ISBN: 1464808465 ISBN-13(EAN): 9781464808463
Издательство: Mare Nostrum (Eurospan)
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Цена: 25040.00 T
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Описание: Social Protection Programs for Africa's Drylands explores the role of social protection in promoting the well-being and prosperity of people living in dryland regions of Sub-Saharan Africa, with a specifi c focus on the Sahel and the Horn of Africa. Based on a review of recent experience, it argues that social protection policies and programs have an important role in promoting the resilience of the people residing in these areas. Social protection programs, when well designed and carefully implemented at scale, can reduce vulnerability to droughts and other shocks and promote coping capacity. If present trends continue, by 2030 dryland regions of East and West Africa will be home to an estimated 429 million people, up to 24 percent of whom will be living in chronic poverty. Many others will depend on livelihood strategies that are sensitive to the shocks that will hit the region with increasing frequency and severity, making them vulnerable to falling into transient poverty. Social protection programs will be needed in the drylands to provide support to those unable to meet their basic needs. Some of these people will require long-term support, while others will require periodic short-term support because of income losses due to shocks (for example, crop failure following a drought) or as a result of lifecycle changes (for example, loss of a breadwinner). Safety net programs can increase resilience in the short term by improving coping capacity of vulnerable households. Rapidly scalable safety nets that provide cash, food, or other resources to shock-affected households can allow them to recover from unexpected shocks. Scaling up an existing safety net program can be far less expensive than relying on appeals for humanitarian assistance to meet urgent needs. Social protection programs can increase resilience over the longer term by reducing sensitivity to shocks of vulnerable households especially if combined with other development programs. Providing predictable support to chronically poor households and enabling them to invest in productive assets and access basic social services can effectively reduce these households' sensitivity to future shocks, help them participate in the growth process, and take advantage of the investments made in agricultural and pastoralist activities proposed in the drylands.

Автор: Ward Christopher
Название: Improved Agricultural Water Management for Africa S Drylands
ISBN: 1464808325 ISBN-13(EAN): 9781464808326
Издательство: Mare Nostrum (Eurospan)
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Цена: 29260.00 T
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Описание: Dryland regions in Sub-Saharan Africa are home to one-half of the region's population and three-quarters of its poor. Poor both in natural resources and in assets and income, the inhabitants of drylands are highly vulnerable to droughts and other shocks. Despite a long history of interventions by governments, development agencies, and civil society organizations, there have been no sustained large-scale successes toward improving the resilience of drylands dwellers. Improved Agricultural Water Management for Africa's Drylands describes the extent to which agricultural water management interventions in dryland regions of Sub-Saharan Africa can enhance the resilience and improve the well-being of the people living in those regions, proposes what can realistically be done to promote improved agricultural water management, and sets out how stakeholders can make those improvements. After reviewing the current status of irrigation and agricultural water management in the drylands, the authors discuss technical, economic, and institutional challenges to expanding irrigation. A model developed at the International Food Policy Research Institute is used to project the potential for irrigation development in the Sahel Region and the Horn of Africa. The modeling results show that irrigation development in the drylands can reduce vulnerability and improve the resilience of hundreds of thousands of farming households, but rainfed agriculture will continue to dominate for the foreseeable future. Fortunately, many soil and water conservation practices that can improve the productivity and ensure the sustainability of rainfed cropping systems are available. The purpose of this book is to demonstrate the potentially highly benefi cial role of water and water management in drylands agriculture in association with agronomic improvements, market growth, and infrastructure development, and to assess the technological and socioeconomic conditions and institutional policy frameworks that can remove barriers to adoption and allow wide-scale take-up of improved agricultural water management in the dryland regions of Sub-Saharan Africa.

Автор: Macheve Berta, Danilenko Alexander, Abdullah Roohi
Название: State Water Agencies in Nigeria
ISBN: 1464806578 ISBN-13(EAN): 9781464806575
Издательство: Mare Nostrum (Eurospan)
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Цена: 25040.00 T
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Описание: Investments on the order of US$6 billion are estimated to be needed in the water sector in Nigeria in the next 10 years if the country is to achieve universal water supply coverage. This is the main finding of State Water Agencies in Nigeria: A Performance Assessment, in which the objective is to provide the government of Nigeria with a structured and coherent quantitative snapshot of the state of its urban water sector. The report focuses on water provision services from the States' Water Authorities or Water Boards (SWAs) as they are the major and only regulated agencies that provide water to the urban population. Sanitation provision is not addressed because the majority of SWAs do not provide this service to their customers. This report highlights the issues related to the performance of SWAs, tariffs levels and structures, financing mechanisms, and concerns with governance within the SWA and state governments. For example, due to accelerated urbanization and migration of the population to the large cities, the average coverage by SWAs is about 40 percent, and the average domestic water consumption was 26 liters per capita per day in 2013, well below the recommended average. The remaining majority of the population relies on alternative service providers. To the extent possible, the report also shows the impact of these institutional weaknesses on customers' costs, fiscal subsidies to the sector, and financing requirements that are needed to scale up the investment and showcase that the related operational and maintenance expenditure of the SWAs can actually be covered from the various financing sources. In fact, the coping costs of the population getting water from alternative water providers is assessed at US$700 million a year, and this number is growing. In addition, utilities get about US$100 million in operational subsidies that cover labour, electricity, and other operational costs. State Water Agencies in Nigeria: A Performance Assessment provides the government of Nigeria with a structured and coherent quantitative snapshot of the state of its urban water sector. Ultimately, this report is a first step toward performance benchmarking in Nigeria's water and sanitation sector. The findings summarized in this publication should eventually serve as a tool for utilities and their authorities and stakeholders, as well as for bilateral and multilateral donors in their efforts to monitor the performance and progress of each water provider and the sector as a whole.

Автор: Joan Sydney Whitmore
Название: Drought Management on Farmland
ISBN: 9048153336 ISBN-13(EAN): 9789048153336
Издательство: Springer
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Цена: 213360.00 T
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Описание: At last, integrated management of drought on farms is dealt with in one comprehensive book. Pro-active preparedness entails using the principles of risk management to upgrade the drought resistance of a farm systematically, and to have auxiliary contingency plans at the ready for use during unusually long droughts.

Автор: R. Nagarajan
Название: Drought Assessment
ISBN: 9400789920 ISBN-13(EAN): 9789400789920
Издательство: Springer
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Цена: 156720.00 T
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Описание: This book provides information on the drought process, meteorological, hydrological, agriculture, socio-economic aspects and available technologies such as satellite remote sensing data analysis and Geographical Information system for assessment.

Название: Vulnerability and adaptation to drought on the canadian prairies
ISBN: 1552388190 ISBN-13(EAN): 9781552388198
Издательство: Mare Nostrum (Eurospan)
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Цена: 29220.00 T
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Описание: Although there is considerable historical literature describing the social and economic impact of drought on the prairies in the 1930s, little has been written about the challenges presented by drought in more contemporary times. The drought of 2001-02 was, for example, the most recent large-area, intense, and prolonged drought in Canada and one of Canada's most costly natural disasters in a century.

Vulnerability and Adaptation to Drought on the Canadian Prairies describes the impacts of droughts and the adaptations made in prairie agriculture over recent decades. These adaptations have enhanced the capacity of rural communities to withstand drought. However, despite the high levels of technical adaptation that have occurred, and the existing human capital and vibrant social and information networks, agricultural producers in the prairie region remain vulnerable to severe droughts that last more than a couple of years. Research findings and projections suggest that droughts could become more frequent, more severe, and of longer duration in the region over the course of the 21st century. This book provides insights into the conditions generating these challenges and the measures required to reduce vulnerability of prairie communities to them. Developing greater understanding of the social forces and conditions that have contributed to enhanced resilience, as well as those which detract from successful adaptation, is a principal theme of the book. To that end, the book examines drought through an interdisciplinary lens encompassing climate science and the social sciences. Two of the chapters are based on the drought experiences of other countries in order to provide a comparative assessment.

With contributions by:
Jose Armando Boninsegna
Barrie Bonsal
Darrell Corkal
Amber Fletcher
Monica Hadarits
Tom Harrison
Margot Hurlbert
Samantha Kerr
Erin Knuttila
Suren Kulshreshta
Gregory Marchildon
Elma Montana
Bruce Morito
Jeremy Pittman
Alejandro Rojas
David Sauchyn
Paula Santibanez
A.Unvoas
Johanna Wandel
James Warren
Virginia Wittrock
Elaine Wheaton

Автор: Annandale George W., Morris Gregory L., Karki Pravin
Название: Extending the Life of Reservoirs: Sustainable Sediment Management for Dams and Run-Of-River Hydropower
ISBN: 1464808384 ISBN-13(EAN): 9781464808388
Издательство: Mare Nostrum (Eurospan)
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Цена: 29260.00 T
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Описание: Written by two of the world s leading experts on sediment management, 'Extending the Life of Reservoirs' provides guidance on adopting sediment management practices for hydropower and water supply dam projects. It explains how ensuring long-term resilience of critical infrastructure requires early and constant attention to reservoir sedimentation processes, which can reduce the storage capacity of reservoirs and damage hydro mechanical equipment. The report provides concrete guidance on safeguarding against these effects and preserving the many important services of hydropower and dam projects, including water supply, irrigation, and renewable electricity. In particular, it stresses the importance of integrating sediment management into the early planning phases of projects. 'Extending the Life of Reservoirs' is designed to assist those evaluating dam and hydropower proposals. While for the primary audience includes policy makers, lending agencies, and general practitioners, the level of detail provided in the report should appeal to a wide array of stakeholder groups. The content is neither overly technical nor overly simplistic, and aims to provide practical and useful information. Importantly, this report provides a new perspective on the importance of sediment management that is not found in prior work. It stresses the value of sediment management measures as a robust adaptation measure to support sustainable hydropower. The techniques described in the report make sense regardless of future climate changes, but in many cases have even more value when uncertainty over future hydrological patterns is taken into account."

Автор: Sweeney Kevin Z.
Название: Prelude to the Dust Bowl: Drought in the Nineteenth-Century Southern Plains
ISBN: 0806153407 ISBN-13(EAN): 9780806153407
Издательство: Mare Nostrum (Eurospan)
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Цена: 29220.00 T
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Описание: Before the drought of the early twenty-first century, the dry benchmark in the American plains was the Dust Bowl of the 1930s. But in this eye-opening work, Kevin Z. Sweeney reveals that the Dust Bowl was only one cycle in a series of droughts on the U.S. southern plains. Reinterpreting our nation's nineteenth-century history through paleoclimatological data and firsthand accounts of four dry periods in the 1800s, Prelude to the Dust Bowl demonstrates the dramatic and little-known role drought played in settlement, migration, and war on the plains. Stephen H. Long's famed military expedition coincided with the drought of the 1820s, which prompted Long to label the southern plains a ""Great American Desert"" - a destination many Anglo-Americans thought ideal for removing Southeastern Indian tribes to in the 1830s. The second dry trend, from 1854 to 1865, drove bison herds northeastward, fomenting tribal warfare, and deprived Civil War armies in Indian Territory of vital commissary. In the late 1880s and mid-1890s, two more periods of drought triggered massive outmigration from the southern plains as well as appeals from farmers and congressmen for federal famine relief, pleas quickly denied by President Grover Cleveland. Sweeney's interpretation of familiar events through the lens of drought lays the groundwork for understanding why the U.S. government's reaction to the Dust Bowl of the 1930s was such a radical departure from previous federal responses.Prelude to the Dust Bowl provides new insights into pivotal moments in the settlement of the southern plains and stands as a timely reminder that drought, as part of a natural climatic cycle, will continue to figure in the unfolding history of this region.

Автор: Zekai Sen
Название: Applied Drought Modeling, Prediction, and Mitigation
ISBN: 0128021764 ISBN-13(EAN): 9780128021767
Издательство: Elsevier Science
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Цена: 106660.00 T
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Описание:

Applied Drought Modelling, Prediction, and Mitigation provides a practical guide to new and recent methodologies for drought characterizations, change modeling, down-scaling, and future predictions.

Автор: Harrower
Название: Water Histories and Spatial Archaeology
ISBN: 110713465X ISBN-13(EAN): 9781107134652
Издательство: Cambridge Academ
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Цена: 95040.00 T
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Описание: This book offers a new explanation for the spatial-political-environmental dynamics of water and irrigation in the long-term histories of two arid regions, Southwest Arabia (3500 BC-AD 600) and the American West (2000 BC-AD 1950).