Two Sources of Morality and Religion, Henri Bergson

Автор: Pettit Philip
Название: The Birth of Ethics: Reconstructing the Role and Nature of Morality
ISBN: 0190904917 ISBN-13(EAN): 9780190904913
Издательство: Oxford Academ
Цена: 39060.00 T
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Описание: Imagine a human society, perhaps in pre-history, in which people were generally of a psychological kind with us, had the use of natural language to communicate with one another, but did not have any properly moral concepts in which to exhort one another to meet certain standards and to lodge
related claims and complaints. According to The Birth of Ethics, the members of that society would have faced a set of pressures, and made a series of adjustments in response, sufficient to put them within reach of ethical concepts. Without any planning, they would have more or less inevitably
evolved a way of using such concepts to articulate desirable patterns of behavior and to hold themselves and one another responsible to those standards. Sooner or later, they would have entered ethical space.

While this central claim is developed as a thesis in conjectural history or genealogy, the aim of the exercise is philosophical. Assuming that it explains the emergence of concepts and practices that are more or less equivalent to ours, the story offers us an account of the nature and role of
morality. It directs us to the function that ethics plays in human life and alerts us to the character in virtue of which it can serve that function. The emerging view of morality has implications for the standard range of questions in meta-ethics and moral psychology, and enables us to understand
why there are divisions in normative ethics like that between consequentialist and Kantian approaches.

Автор: Joyce, Richard (victoria University Of Wellington)
Название: Evolution of morality
ISBN: 0262600722 ISBN-13(EAN): 9780262600729
Издательство: MIT Press
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Цена: 28210.00 T
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Описание: A consideration of whether the human capacity to make moral judgments is innate and, if so, what implications follow; combines philosophical discussion with the latest findings from the empirical sciences.

Автор: Reginster Bernard
Название: The Will to Nothingness: An Essay on Nietzsche`s on the Genealogy of Morality
ISBN: 0198868901 ISBN-13(EAN): 9780198868903
Издательство: Oxford Academ
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Цена: 145610.00 T
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Описание: This book examines Nietzsche`s On the Genealogy of Morality to clarify the claim that Christian morality represents an act of revenge, and to analyse Nietzsche`s notion of ressentiment as a moral emotion.

Автор: May
Название: Nietzsche`s On the Genealogy of Morality
ISBN: 0521518806 ISBN-13(EAN): 9780521518802
Издательство: Cambridge Academ
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Цена: 60190.00 T
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Описание: Where does our contemporary morality come from and what purposes does it really serve? What would post-moral values look like? Nietzsche`s On the Genealogy of Morality tackles such central questions of ethics with unsurpassed brilliance and here fourteen leading philosophers mine that work for answers to these and other questions.

Автор: Valentini, Laura (professor Of Philosophy And Political Theory, Professor Of Philosophy And Political Theory, Ludwig-maximilians-universitat Munchen)
Название: Morality and socially constructed norms
ISBN: 0192845799 ISBN-13(EAN): 9780192845795
Издательство: Oxford Academ
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Цена: 32730.00 T
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Автор: Bellamy, Alex J.
Название: Massacres and Morality
ISBN: 0198714769 ISBN-13(EAN): 9780198714767
Издательство: Oxford Academ
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Цена: 46450.00 T
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Описание: Starting with the French Revolution Massacres and Morality studies mass killing as perpetrated by states. In particular it examines the role that civilian immunity has played in shaping the behaviour of perpetrators and how international society has responded.

Автор: H?m?l?inen
Название: Descriptive Ethics
ISBN: 1137586168 ISBN-13(EAN): 9781137586162
Издательство: Springer
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Цена: 43780.00 T
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Описание: This book is an investigation into the descriptive task of moral philosophy. Nora H?m?l?inen explores the challenge of providing rich and accurate pictures of the moral conditions, values, virtues, and norms under which people live and have lived, along with relevant knowledge about the human animal and human nature. While modern moral philosophy has focused its energies on normative and metaethical theory, the task of describing, uncovering, and inquiring into moral frameworks and moral practices has mainly been left to social scientists and historians. Nora H?m?l?inen argues that this division of labour has detrimental consequences for moral philosophy and that a reorientation toward descriptive work is needed in moral philosophy. She traces resources for a descriptive philosophical ethics in the work of four prominent philosophers of the twentieth century: John Dewey, Ludwig Wittgenstein, Michel Foucault, and Charles Taylor, while also calling on thinkers inspired by them.

Автор: Neu, Michael
Название: Just liberal violence sweatshocb
ISBN: 1786600641 ISBN-13(EAN): 9781786600646
Издательство: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers
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Цена: 139390.00 T
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Описание: This book critically examines `just liberal violence`: forms of direct and structural violence that others may be `justly` subjected to. Michael Neu focusses on liberal defences of torture, war and sweatshop labour respectively, and argues that (a) each of these defences fails and (b) all of them fail for similar reasons.

Автор: Johnson Mark
Название: Morality for Humans: Ethical Understanding from the Perspective of Cognitive Science
ISBN: 022632494X ISBN-13(EAN): 9780226324944
Издательство: Wiley
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Цена: 21120.00 T
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Описание: What is the difference between right and wrong? This is no easy question to answer, yet we constantly try to make it so, frequently appealing to some hidden cache of cut-and-dried absolutes, whether drawn from God, universal reason, or societal authority. Combining cognitive science with a pragmatist philosophical framework in Morality for Humans: Ethical Understanding from the Perspective of Cognitive Science, Mark Johnson argues that appealing solely to absolute principles and values is not only scientifically unsound but even morally suspect. He shows that the standards for the kinds of people we should be and how we should treat one another--which we often think of as universal--are in fact frequently subject to change. And we should be okay with that. Taking context into consideration, he offers a remarkably nuanced, naturalistic view of ethics that sees us creatively adapt our standards according to given needs, emerging problems, and social interactions.

Ethical naturalism is not just a revamped form of relativism. Indeed, Johnson attempts to overcome the absolutist-versus-relativist impasse that has been one of the most intractable problems in the history of philosophy. He does so through a careful and inclusive look at the many ways we reason about right and wrong. Much of our moral thought, he shows, is automatic and intuitive, gut feelings that we follow up and attempt to justify with rational analysis and argument. However, good moral deliberation is not limited merely to intuitive judgments supported after the fact by reasoning. Johnson points out a crucial third element: we imagine how our decisions will play out, how we or the world would change with each action we might take. Plumbing this imaginative dimension of moral reasoning, he provides a psychologically sophisticated view of moral problem solving, one perfectly suited for the embodied, culturally embedded, and ever-developing human creatures that we are.

Автор: Anna-Teresa Tymieniecka; Calvin O. Schrag
Название: Foundations of Morality, Human Rights, and the Human Sciences
ISBN: 9400969775 ISBN-13(EAN): 9789400969773
Издательство: Springer
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Цена: 287890.00 T
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Автор: J. Caleb Clanton, Kraig Martin
Название: Nature and Command: On the Metaphysical Foundations of Morality
ISBN: 1621906930 ISBN-13(EAN): 9781621906933
Издательство: Mare Nostrum (Eurospan)
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Цена: 62700.00 T
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Описание: Since at least the time of Plato, religious explanations of the metaphysical foundations of morality have typically fallen into one of two camps: natural law theory, according to which morality is fundamentally explained by facts about human nature—facts that God is responsible for—and divine command theory, which holds that moral obligations arise directly from God’s commands or some other prescriptive act of the divine will. J. Caleb Clanton and Kraig Martin offer an accessible analysis of these traditional views, reconstruct the various arguments for and against them, and offer an extended consideration of the historical emergence of the divide between these positions within the Christian tradition. Nature and Command goes on to develop and defend a theory that combines these two views—a metaethical approach that has not yet received the scholarly attention it deserves.Along the way, the authors make use of underexplored theological resources drawn from the Stone-Campbell movement, a nineteenth-century restoration movement that culminated in one of the largest Protestant groups in America by the dawn of the twentieth century. Nature and Command summons the resources of this particular Christian heritage—its first principles, call for unity, and ecumenism—to solve one of the great dilemmas of moral philosophy and theology dating back to Plato’s Euthyphro. This historically aware, argumentatively rigorous, and highly readable volume will serve as a valuable resource for moral philosophy and ethics, as well as for mining the Stone-Campbell Restoration tradition for historical and theological insights.

Автор: Catherine Chalier
Название: What Ought I to Do?: Morality in Kant and Levinas
ISBN: 0801487943 ISBN-13(EAN): 9780801487941
Издательство: Wiley EDC
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Цена: 32020.00 T
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Описание:

Is it possible to apply a theoretical approach to ethics? The French philosopher Catherine Chalier addresses this question with an unusual combination of traditional ethics and continental philosophy. In a powerful argument for the necessity of moral reflection, Chalier counters the notion that morality can be derived from theoretical knowledge. Chalier analyzes the positions of two great moral philosophers, Kant and Levinas. While both are critical of an ethics founded on knowledge, their criticisms spring from distinctly different points of view. Chalier reexamines their conclusions, pitting Levinas against (and with) Kant, to interrogate the very foundations of moral philosophy and moral imperatives. She provides a clear, systematic comparison of their positions on essential ideas such as free will, happiness, freedom, and evil. Although based on a close and elegant presentation of Kant and Levinas, Chalier's book serves as a context for the development of the author's own reflections on the question "What am I supposed to do?" and its continued importance for contemporary philosophy.