Purchasing Identity in the Atlantic World: Massachusetts Merchants, 1670–1780, Phyllis Whitman Hunter
Автор: Twinam Ann Название: Purchasing Whiteness ISBN: 0804750920 ISBN-13(EAN): 9780804750929 Издательство: Mare Nostrum (Eurospan) Рейтинг: Цена: 125400.00 T Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ. Описание:
The colonization of Spanish America resulted in the mixing of Natives, Europeans, and Africans and the subsequent creation of a casta system that discriminated against them. Members of mixed races could, however, free themselves from such burdensome restrictions through the purchase of a gracias al sacar--a royal exemption that provided the privileges of Whiteness. For more than a century, the whitening gracias al sacar has fascinated historians. Even while the documents remained elusive, scholars continually mentioned the potential to acquire Whiteness as a provocative marker of the historic differences between Anglo and Latin American treatments of race. Purchasing Whiteness explores the fascinating details of 40 cases of whitening petitions, tracking thousands of pages of ensuing conversations as petitioners, royal officials, and local elites disputed not only whether the state should grant full whiteness to deserving individuals, but whether selective prejudices against the castas should cease.
Purchasing Whiteness contextualizes the history of the gracias al sacar within the broader framework of three centuries of mixed race efforts to end discrimination. It identifies those historic variables that structured the potential for mobility as Africans moved from slavery to freedom, mixed with Natives and Whites, and transformed later generations into vassals worthy of royal favor. By examining this history of pardo and mulatto mobility, the author provides striking insight into those uniquely characteristic and deeply embedded pathways through which the Hispanic world negotiated processes of inclusion and exclusion.
The colonization of Spanish America resulted in the mixing of Natives, Europeans, and Africans and the subsequent creation of a casta system that discriminated against them. Members of mixed races could, however, free themselves from such burdensome restrictions through the purchase of a gracias al sacar--a royal exemption that provided the privileges of Whiteness. For more than a century, the whitening gracias al sacar has fascinated historians. Even while the documents remained elusive, scholars continually mentioned the potential to acquire Whiteness as a provocative marker of the historic differences between Anglo and Latin American treatments of race. Purchasing Whiteness explores the fascinating details of 40 cases of whitening petitions, tracking thousands of pages of ensuing conversations as petitioners, royal officials, and local elites disputed not only whether the state should grant full whiteness to deserving individuals, but whether selective prejudices against the castas should cease.
Purchasing Whiteness contextualizes the history of the gracias al sacar within the broader framework of three centuries of mixed race efforts to end discrimination. It identifies those historic variables that structured the potential for mobility as Africans moved from slavery to freedom, mixed with Natives and Whites, and transformed later generations into vassals worthy of royal favor. By examining this history of pardo and mulatto mobility, the author provides striking insight into those uniquely characteristic and deeply embedded pathways through which the Hispanic world negotiated processes of inclusion and exclusion.
Consuming with a conscience is one of the fastest growing forms of political participation worldwide. Every day we make decisions about how to spend our money and, for the socially conscious, these decisions matter. Political consumers "buy green" for the environment or they "buy pink" to combat breast cancer. They boycott Taco Bell to support migrant workers or Burger King to save the rainforest.
But can we overcome the limitations of consumer identity, the conservative pull of consumer choice, co-optation by corporate marketers, and other pitfalls of consumer activism in order to marshal the possibilities of consumer power? Can we, quite literally, shop for change? Shopping for Change brings together the historical and contemporary perspectives of academics and activists to show readers what has been possible for consumer activists in the past and what might be possible for today’s consumer activists.
Автор: Pizzoni, Giada Название: British catholic merchants in the commercial age ISBN: 1783274387 ISBN-13(EAN): 9781783274383 Издательство: Boydell & Brewer Рейтинг: Цена: 84480.00 T Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ. Описание: A rich picture of commercial life among the British Catholic merchants operating in the Atlantic and Mediterranean at the end of the Stuart era.
Автор: Bent, James Theodore Название: Early Voyages and Travels in the Levant ISBN: 1409413543 ISBN-13(EAN): 9781409413547 Издательство: Taylor&Francis Рейтинг: Цена: 137810.00 T Наличие на складе: Нет в наличии.
Автор: Jared Staller Название: Converging on Cannibals: Terrors of Slaving in Atlantic Africa, 1509–1670 ISBN: 0821423525 ISBN-13(EAN): 9780821423523 Издательство: Mare Nostrum (Eurospan) Рейтинг: Цена: 62700.00 T Наличие на складе: Невозможна поставка. Описание: In Converging on Cannibals, Jared Staller demonstrates that one of the most terrifying discourses used during the era of transatlantic slaving—cannibalism—was coproduced by Europeans and Africans. When these people from vastly different cultures first came into contact, they shared a fear of potential cannibals.
Автор: Israel, Jonathan I. Название: Enlightenment Contested ISBN: 0199541523 ISBN-13(EAN): 9780199541522 Издательство: Oxford Academ Рейтинг: Цена: 66530.00 T Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ. Описание: In this magisterial survey of the Enlightenment, Jonathan Israel returns to the primary texts to offer a major new reinterpretation of the nature and development of the important currents in philosophical thinking, arguing that supposed national enlightenments are of less significance than the rift between conservative and radical thought.
Автор: Elizabeth M. Kalbfleisch Название: Making the Radical University: Identity and Politics on the American College Campus, 1966-1991 ISBN: 1625347596 ISBN-13(EAN): 9781625347596 Издательство: Mare Nostrum (Eurospan) Рейтинг: Цена: 23370.00 T Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ. Описание: In the 1960s, professors, students, and activists on the political Left viewed college curricula as useful sites for political transformation. They coordinated efforts to alter general education requirements at the college level to foster change in American thought, with greater openness toward people who had previously been excluded, including women, people of color, the poor and working classes, people with disabilities, and members of the LGBTQ community. Their work reshaped American culture and politics, while prompting a significant backlash from conservatives attempting to, in their view, protect classical education from modern encroachment.
Elizabeth M. Kalbfleisch details how American universities became a battleground for identity politics from the 1960s through the 1980s. Focusing on two case studies at Stanford University and the University of Texas at Austin, Making the Radical University examines how curricular changes led to polarizing discussions nationwide around academic standards and identity politics, including the so-called canon wars. Today, these debates have only become more politically charged, complex, and barbed.
Автор: I. Primer Название: Mandeville Studies ISBN: 9024716861 ISBN-13(EAN): 9789024716869 Издательство: Springer Рейтинг: Цена: 139750.00 T Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ. Описание: For centuries readers have admired the writer who wields his pen like a sword - an Aristophanes, a Rabelais, a Montaigne, a Swift. ` - `I have known the "Fable of the Bees" more than fifty years.
Автор: Leavitt-Alcaantara Brianna Название: Alone at the Altar: Single Women and Devotion in Guatemala, 1670-1870 ISBN: 1503603687 ISBN-13(EAN): 9781503603684 Издательство: Mare Nostrum (Eurospan) Рейтинг: Цена: 62700.00 T Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ. Описание:
By 1700, Guatemala's capital was a mixed-race "city of women." As in many other cities across colonial Spanish America, labor and migration patterns in Guatemala produced an urban female majority and high numbers of single women, widows, and female household heads. In this history of religious and spiritual life in the Guatemalan capital, Brianna Leavitt-Alcantara focuses on the sizeable population of ordinary, non-elite women living outside of both marriage and convent. Although officials often expressed outright hostility towards poor unmarried women, many of these women managed to position themselves at the forefront of religious life in the city.
Through an analysis of over 500 wills, hagiographies, religious chronicles, and ecclesiastical records, Alone at the Altar examines how laboring women forged complex alliances with Catholic priests and missionaries and how those alliances significantly shaped local religion, the spiritual economy, and late colonial reform efforts. It considers the local circumstances and global Catholic missionary movements that fueled official collaboration with poor single women and support for diverse models of feminine piety. Extending its analysis past Guatemalan Independence to 1870, this book also illuminates how women's alliances with the Catholic Church became politicized in the Independence era and influenced the rise of popular conservatism in Guatemala.
Автор: Schmidt Название: Innocence Abroad ISBN: 0521804086 ISBN-13(EAN): 9780521804080 Издательство: Cambridge Academ Рейтинг: Цена: 91870.00 T Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ. Описание: Innocence Abroad explores the process of encounter that took place between the Netherlands and the New World in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, demonstrating how the image of America fashioned in the Netherlands became integrally associated in the Dutch minds with evolving political, moral and economic agenda.
