Are mass violence and catastrophes the only forces that can seriously decrease economic inequality? To judge by thousands of years of history, the answer is yes. Tracing the global history of inequality from the Stone Age to today, Walter Scheidel shows that inequality never dies peacefully. Inequality declines when carnage and disaster strike and increases when peace and stability return. The Great Leveler is the first book to chart the crucial role of violent shocks in reducing inequality over the full sweep of human history around the world.
Ever since humans began to farm, herd livestock, and pass on their assets to future generations, economic inequality has been a defining feature of civilization. Over thousands of years, only violent events have significantly lessened inequality. The "Four Horsemen" of leveling--mass-mobilization warfare, transformative revolutions, state collapse, and catastrophic plagues--have repeatedly destroyed the fortunes of the rich. Scheidel identifies and examines these processes, from the crises of the earliest civilizations to the cataclysmic world wars and communist revolutions of the twentieth century. Today, the violence that reduced inequality in the past seems to have diminished, and that is a good thing. But it casts serious doubt on the prospects for a more equal future.
An essential contribution to the debate about inequality, The Great Leveler provides important new insights about why inequality is so persistent--and why it is unlikely to decline anytime soon.
Автор: Saltmarsh Название: Rethinking School Violence ISBN: 0230576699 ISBN-13(EAN): 9780230576698 Издательство: Springer Рейтинг: Цена: 74530.00 T Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ. Описание: Taking a sociocultural approach to understanding violence, the authors in this collection examine how norms of gender, culture and educational practice contribute to school violence, providing strategies to intervene in and address violence in educational contexts.
Автор: Sundaram Название: Preventing Youth Violence ISBN: 1137365684 ISBN-13(EAN): 9781137365682 Издательство: Springer Рейтинг: Цена: 55890.00 T Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ. Описание: Young people explain, excuse and justify violence in a range of situations and view violence prevention as a difficult, if not impossible, endeavour. But how do young people form these views, and how can this knowledge be used by schools to reduce youth violence? This book explores these questions in a study with British teenagers.
Автор: Chenoweth, Erica, Ed Название: Rethinking violence ISBN: 0262014203 ISBN-13(EAN): 9780262014205 Издательство: MIT Press Рейтинг: Цена: 7660.00 T Наличие на складе: Нет в наличии. Описание: States and NonState Actors in Conflict. An original argument about the causes and consequences of political violence and the range of strategies employed.
Автор: Caroline Holmqvist Название: Policing Wars ISBN: 1349999903 ISBN-13(EAN): 9781349999903 Издательство: Springer Рейтинг: Цена: 37260.00 T Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ. Описание: Holmqvist presents an original account of the relationship between war and policing in the twenty first century. This interdisciplinary study of contemporary Western strategic thinking reveals how, why, and with what consequences, the wars in Afghanistan and Iraq became seen as policing wars.
Автор: S. Saltmarsh; Kerry Robinson; Cristyn Davies Название: Rethinking School Violence ISBN: 1349366633 ISBN-13(EAN): 9781349366637 Издательство: Springer Рейтинг: Цена: 71730.00 T Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ. Описание: Taking a sociocultural approach to understanding violence, the authors in this collection examine how norms of gender, culture and educational practice contribute to school violence, providing strategies to intervene in and address violence in educational contexts.
Автор: Bradley, Tamsin , Gruber, Janet Название: Prevention of Violence Against Women and Girls ISBN: 0367235846 ISBN-13(EAN): 9780367235840 Издательство: Taylor&Francis Рейтинг: Цена: 38780.00 T Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ. Описание: This book argues that women and girls are vulnerable across all areas of society, and that therefore a commitment to end violence against women and girls needs to be embedded into all development programmes, regardless of sectorial focus.
Автор: Bradley, Tamsin , Gruber, Janet Название: Prevention of Violence Against Women and Girls ISBN: 0367235889 ISBN-13(EAN): 9780367235888 Издательство: Taylor&Francis Рейтинг: Цена: 148010.00 T Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ. Описание: This book argues that women and girls are vulnerable across all areas of society, and that therefore a commitment to end violence against women and girls needs to be embedded into all development programmes, regardless of sectorial focus.
Автор: Ferreira Marcos Alan Название: Peace and Violence in Brazil: Reflections on the Roles of State, Organized Crime and Civil Society ISBN: 3030792080 ISBN-13(EAN): 9783030792084 Издательство: Springer Рейтинг: Цена: 111790.00 T Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ. Описание: This edited volume examines how the multiple manifestations of social violence in Brazil impacts the building of a peaceful society. The book shows the agency of civil society in a violent society, in which NGOs and communities engage in key peace formation action, including advocacy for human rights and promoting arts.
Автор: Matthew Recla Название: Rethinking Christian Martyrdom: The Blood or the Seed? ISBN: 135018425X ISBN-13(EAN): 9781350184251 Издательство: Bloomsbury Academic Рейтинг: Цена: 95040.00 T Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ. Описание: This book argues that we have been mistaken about the fundamental assumption that Christianity is the key to understanding the “Christian” martyr. Examining martyrdom in early Christian history, Matt Recla argues that the violent deaths of martyrs, real and imagined, were appropriated for Christian institutional life. Through deconstructing martyrdom and appreciating the complexity of the martyr, we recognize martyrdom not as a socio-historical phenomenon inherent to particular ideologies, and not as a religious “identity” but as the institutional co-optation of violence. The Christian apologist Tertullian argued that the blood of the martyrs was the seed of the Church, but while the seed may be the key to martyrdom, the blood is the key to the martyr.
The book shows how martyrs exceed the bounds of institutional narrative. Centering analysis of martyrdom first around the martyr’s existential difference and the complex biological, psychological, and socio-cultural factors that lead to willing death, this book sheds new light on the motivations of martyrs, our fascination with them, and the parasitic relationship of religion to violent death.
In challenging long-held beliefs about the praiseworthiness of martyrdom, this book is of interest to scholars of religion as well as those concerned about the relationship between religion and violence.
Shows that the myth that mental illness is strongly linked to violence makes us all less safe Mass shootings have become a defining issue of our time. Whenever the latest act of newsworthy violence occurs, mental illness is inevitably cited as a preeminent cause by members of the news media and political sphere alike. Violence and Mental Illness: Rethinking Risk Factors and Enhancing Public Safety exposes how mental illness is vastly overemphasized in popular discussion of mass violence, which in turn makes us all less safe. The recurring and intense focus on mental illness in the wake of violent tragedy is fueled by social stigma and cognitive bias, strengthening an exaggerated link between violence and mental illness. Yet as Eric B. Elbogen and Nico Verykoukis clearly and compellingly demonstrate in this book, a wide array of empirical data show that this link is much weaker than commonly believed—numerous other risk factors have been proven to be stronger predictors of violence. In particular, the authors argue that overweighting mental illness means underweighting more robust risk factors, which are external (e.g., poverty, financial strain, inadequate social support), internal (e.g., younger age, anger, substance abuse), or violence-defining (lacking empathy, gun access, hate group membership). These risk factors need to be incorporated more fully into public policies around public safety. Priority is needed to focus on strategies for reducing the viability and acceptability of violence as a choice, which regards violence- defining risk factors necessary to every violent act. Violence and Mental Illness: Rethinking Risk Factors and Enhancing Public Safety offers a robust challenge to the inappropriate dominance of mental illness in discussions of mass violence, as well as proposed solutions that may be crucial to bringing about a greater degree of public safety.
Shows that the myth that mental illness is strongly linked to violence makes us all less safe Mass shootings have become a defining issue of our time. Whenever the latest act of newsworthy violence occurs, mental illness is inevitably cited as a preeminent cause by members of the news media and political sphere alike. Violence and Mental Illness: Rethinking Risk Factors and Enhancing Public Safety exposes how mental illness is vastly overemphasized in popular discussion of mass violence, which in turn makes us all less safe. The recurring and intense focus on mental illness in the wake of violent tragedy is fueled by social stigma and cognitive bias, strengthening an exaggerated link between violence and mental illness. Yet as Eric B. Elbogen and Nico Verykoukis clearly and compellingly demonstrate in this book, a wide array of empirical data show that this link is much weaker than commonly believed—numerous other risk factors have been proven to be stronger predictors of violence. In particular, the authors argue that overweighting mental illness means underweighting more robust risk factors, which are external (e.g., poverty, financial strain, inadequate social support), internal (e.g., younger age, anger, substance abuse), or violence-defining (lacking empathy, gun access, hate group membership). These risk factors need to be incorporated more fully into public policies around public safety. Priority is needed to focus on strategies for reducing the viability and acceptability of violence as a choice, which regards violence- defining risk factors necessary to every violent act. Violence and Mental Illness: Rethinking Risk Factors and Enhancing Public Safety offers a robust challenge to the inappropriate dominance of mental illness in discussions of mass violence, as well as proposed solutions that may be crucial to bringing about a greater degree of public safety.
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