The Standard of Civilization in Contemporary International Society, Stivachtis, Yannis A.

Автор: Keeley, Lawrence H. (professor Of Anthropology, Professor Of Anthropology, University Of Illinois At Chicago)
Название: War before civilization
ISBN: 0195119126 ISBN-13(EAN): 9780195119121
Издательство: Oxford Academ
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Цена: 17410.00 T
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Описание: The myth of the peace-loving noble savage is persistent and pernicious. Indeed, for the last fifty years, most popular and scholarly works have agreed that prehistoric warfare was rare, harmless, unimportant, and, like smallpox, a disease of civilized societies alone. Prehistoric warfare,
according to this view, was little more than a ritualized game, where casualties were limited and the effects of aggression relatively mild. Lawrence Keeley's groundbreaking War Before Civilization offers a devastating rebuttal to such comfortable myths and debunks the notion that warfare was
introduced to primitive societies through contact with civilization (an idea he denounces as the pacification of the past).
Building on much fascinating archeological and historical research and offering an astute comparison of warfare in civilized and prehistoric societies, from modern European states to the Plains Indians of North America, War Before Civilization convincingly demonstrates that prehistoric warfare was
in fact more deadly, more frequent, and more ruthless than modern war. To support this point, Keeley provides a wide-ranging look at warfare and brutality in the prehistoric world. He reveals, for instance, that prehistorical tactics favoring raids and ambushes, as opposed to formal battles, often
yielded a high death-rate; that adult males falling into the hands of their enemies were almost universally killed; and that surprise raids seldom spared even women and children. Keeley cites evidence of ancient massacres in many areas of the world, including the discovery in South Dakota of a
prehistoric mass grave containing the remains of over 500 scalped and mutilated men, women, and children (a slaughter that took place a century and a half before the arrival of Columbus). In addition, Keeley surveys the prevalence of looting, destruction, and trophy-taking in all kinds of warfare
and again finds little moral distinction between ancient warriors and civilized armies. Finally, and perhaps most controversially, he examines the evidence of cannibalism among some preliterate peoples.
Keeley is a seasoned writer and his book is packed with vivid, eye-opening details (for instance, that the homicide rate of prehistoric Illinois villagers may have exceeded that of the modern United States by some 70 times). But he also goes beyond grisly facts to address the larger moral and
philosophical issues raised by his work. What are the causes of war? Are human beings inherently violent? How can we ensure peace in our own time? Challenging some of our most dearly held beliefs, Keeley's conclusions are bound to stir controversy.

Автор: Heggy, Tarek
Название: Culture, Civilization, and Humanity
ISBN: 0714655546 ISBN-13(EAN): 9780714655543
Издательство: Taylor&Francis
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Цена: 148010.00 T
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Автор: Headley John M.
Название: The Problem with Multiculturalism: The Uniqueness and Universality of Western Civilization
ISBN: 1412854970 ISBN-13(EAN): 9781412854979
Издательство: Taylor&Francis
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Цена: 47970.00 T
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Описание: The horrors of the past century have done little to advance appreciation for the virtues of Western civilization

Автор: John D. Bloom, Matthew Bentley
Название: Imperial Gridiron: Manhood, Civilization, and Football at the Carlisle Indian Industrial School
ISBN: 1496213378 ISBN-13(EAN): 9781496213372
Издательство: Mare Nostrum (Eurospan)
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Цена: 54340.00 T
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Описание: The Imperial Gridiron examines the competing versions of manhood at the Carlisle Indian Industrial School between 1879 and 1918. Students often arrived at Carlisle already engrained with Indigenous ideals of masculinity. On many occasions these ideals would come into conflict with the models of manhood created by the school’s original superintendent, Richard Henry Pratt. Pratt believed that Native Americans required the “embrace of civilization,” and he emphasized the qualities of self-control, Christian ethics, and retaliatory masculinity. He encouraged sportsmanship and fair play over victory.

Pratt’s successors, however, adopted a different approach, and victory was enshrined as the main objective of Carlisle sports. As major stars like Jim Thorpe and Lewis Tewanima came to the fore, this change in approach created a conflict over manhood within the school: should the competitive athletic model be promoted, or should Carlisle focus on the more self-controlled, Christian ideal as promoted by the school’s Young Men’s Christian Association? The answer came from the 1914 congressional investigation of Carlisle. After this grueling investigation, Carlisle’s model of manhood starkly reverted to the form of the Pratt years, and by the time the school closed in 1918, the school’s standards of masculinity had come full circle.
 

Автор: Arthur J. O. Anderson, don Domingo de San Anton Munon Chimalpahin Quauhtlehuanitzin, Susan Schroeder
Название: Codex Chimalpahin: Society and Politics in Mexico Tenochtitlan, Tlatelolco, Texcoco, Culhuacan, and Other Nahua Altepetl in Central Mexico, Volume 2
ISBN: 0806169184 ISBN-13(EAN): 9780806169187
Издательство: Mare Nostrum (Eurospan)
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Цена: 25040.00 T
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Описание: The Codex Chimalpahin, which consists of more than one thousand pages of Nahuatl and Spanish texts, is a life history of the only Nahua about whom we have much knowledge. It also affords a firsthand indigenous perspective on the Nahua past, present, and future in a changing colonial milieu. Moreover, Chimalpahin’s sources, a rich variety of ancient and contemporary records, give voice to a culture long thought to be silent and vanquished.Volume Two of the Codex Chimalpahin represents heretofore-unknown manuscripts by Chimalpahin. Predominantly annals and dynastic records, it furnishes detailed histories of the formation and development of Nahua societies and polities in central Mexico over an extensive period. Included are the Exercicio quotidiano of Sahagun, for which Chimalpahin was the copyist, some unsigned Nahuatl materials, and a letter by Juan de San Antonio of Texcoco as well as a store of information about Nahua women, religion, ritual, concepts of conquest, and relations with Europeans.

Автор: Lovell, W. George Lutz, Christopher H.
Название: Strange lands and different peoples
ISBN: 0806167157 ISBN-13(EAN): 9780806167152
Издательство: Mare Nostrum (Eurospan)
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Цена: 20860.00 T
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Описание: Guatemala emerged from the clash between Spanish invaders and Maya cultures that began five centuries ago. The conquest of these 'rich and strange lands,' as Hern?n Cort?s called them, and their 'many different peoples' was brutal and prolonged. 'Strange Lands and Different Peoples' examines the myriad ramifications of Spanish intrusion, especially Maya resistance to it and the changes that took place in native life because of it. The studies assembled here, focusing on the first century of colonial rule (1524-1624), discuss issues of conquest and resistance, settlement and colonization, labor and tribute, and Maya survival in the wake of Spanish invasion. The authors reappraise the complex relationship between Spaniards and Indians, which was marked from the outset by mutual feelings of resentment and mistrust. While acknowledging the pivotal role of native agency, the authors also document the excesses of Spanish exploitation and the devastating impact of epidemic disease. Drawing on research findings in Spanish and Guatemalan archives, they offer fresh insight into the Kaqchikel Maya uprising of 1524, showing that despite strategic resistance, colonization imposed a burden on the indigenous population more onerous than previously thought. Guatemala remains a deeply divided and unjust society, a country whose current condition can be understood only in light of the colonial experiences that forged it. Affording readers a critical perspective on how Guatemala came to be, 'Strange Lands and Different Peoples' shows the events of the past to have enduring contemporary relevance.

Автор: Alexander Nathan
Название: Race in a Godless World: Atheism, Race, and Civilization, 1850a 1914
ISBN: 1479835005 ISBN-13(EAN): 9781479835003
Издательство: Marston Book Services
Цена: 42240.00 T
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Описание: A historical analysis of the racial views of atheists in the United States and Britain During the second half of the nineteenth century popular atheist movements were emerging in the United States and Britain and skepticism about Christianity was becoming widespread. This newly embraced secularization created a paradox. How could Western civilization represent the pinnacle of human progress, as most white atheists accepted, when the majority of these societies still believed in Christianity? The result of this tension was a profound ambivalence regarding issues of racial and civilizational superiority. At times, white atheists assented to scientific racism and hierarchical conceptions of civilization; at others, they denounced racial prejudice and spoke favorably of non-white, non-Western civilizations. This book offers a long-overdue historical analysis of the racial views of atheists and freethinkers in the United States and Britain during this time period. It provides a much-needed account of the complex and sometimes contradictory ideas espoused by this transatlantic community, tracing the complex ways in which they grappled with ideas about white superiority, and the role they played in early advocacy against racism and in favor of human rights. This exciting book delves into an understudied aspect of secular studies, and will be welcomed by anyone seeking a better understanding of modern racism and its origins.

Автор: Sanger, Margaret
Название: Pivot of Civilization
ISBN: 1538150360 ISBN-13(EAN): 9781538150368
Издательство: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers
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Цена: 33430.00 T
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Описание: Arguably her most important and influential book, this controversial work, first published in 1922 by pioneering birth-control advocate Margaret Sanger, attempted to broaden the still-radical idea of birth control beyond its socialist and feminist roots

Автор: Mark van de Logt
Название: Between the Floods: A History of the Arikaras
ISBN: 0806191732 ISBN-13(EAN): 9780806191737
Издательство: Mare Nostrum (Eurospan)
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Цена: 37620.00 T
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Описание: The creation story of the SahniŠ, or Arikara, people begins with a terrible flood, sent by the Great Chief Above to renew the world. Many generations later, another devastating flood nearly destroyed the Arikaras when the newly built Garrison Dam swamped the fertile land of the Fort Berthold Reservation in North Dakota. Between the Floods tells the story of this powerful Great Plains nation from its mythic origins to the modern era, tracing the path of the Arikaras through the oral traditions and oral histories that preserve and illuminate their past.

The Arikaras, like their Hidatsa and Mandan neighbors on the northern plains, lived as both farmers and hunter-gatherers, growing corn and hunting buffalo. Pressure on their villages from other nations, including the Lakhotas, forced displacements and relocations, and once Euro-Americans entered their domain—French fur-traders, the Spanish, and especially Americans after Lewis and Clark—the Arikaras’ strategic location on the Missouri River became both an asset and a liability.

Between the Floods follows this resilient semi-sedentary people in their migration and settlement as they confront the challenges of white incursions, tribal conflicts, foreign diseases, the slave trade, and the introduction of horses and metal tools. In the Arikaras’ oral traditions and histories, Mark van de Logt finds a key to their distant past as well as the cultural underpinnings of their resilience and persistence, as faith in their great prophet, Mother Corn, guides them and inspires hope for the future.

Enhanced with the insights of archaeology, linguistics, and anthropology, and illustrated with Native maps and ledger art, as well as historic photographs and drawings, Between the Floods brings unprecedented depth, detail, and authenticity to its picture of the Arikaras in the fullness and living presence of their history.

Автор: William C. Meadows
Название: Kiowa Military Societies: Ethnohistory and Ritual
ISBN: 0806190094 ISBN-13(EAN): 9780806190099
Издательство: Mare Nostrum (Eurospan)
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Цена: 33400.00 T
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Описание: Warrior culture has long been an important facet of Plains Indian life. For Kiowa Indians, military societies have special significance. They serve not only to honor veterans and celebrate and publicize martial achievements but also to foster strong role models for younger tribal members. To this day, these societies serve to maintain traditional Kiowa values, culture, and ethnic identity.Previous scholarship has offered only glimpses of Kiowa military societies. William C. Meadows now provides a detailed account of the ritual structures, ceremonial composition, and historical development of each society: Rabbits, Mountain Sheep, Horses Headdresses, Black Legs, Skunkberry /Unafraid of Death, Scout Dogs, Kiowa Bone Strikers, and Omaha, as well as past and present women’s groups.Two dozen illustrations depict personages and ceremonies, and an appendix provides membership rosters from the late 1800s.The most comprehensive description ever published on Kiowa military societies, this work is unmatched by previous studies in its level of detail and depth of scholarship. It demonstrates the evolution of these groups within the larger context of American Indian history and anthropology, while documenting and preserving tribal traditions.

Автор: Sabetti Filippo
Название: Civilization & Self Governmentpb
ISBN: 0739188127 ISBN-13(EAN): 9780739188125
Издательство: Bloomsbury
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Цена: 44550.00 T
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Описание: This lively introduction to figurative language develops new analytical tools and proposes a cohesive view of a broad range of concepts, including metaphor, metonymy, simile, and irony. Comprehensive and practical, the book provides definitions of major concepts, offers in-depth analysis of examples and surveys figurative structures in different discourse genres.

Автор: Bragdon Kathleen J.
Название: Native People of Southern New England, 1650-1775, Volume 259
ISBN: 0806167351 ISBN-13(EAN): 9780806167350
Издательство: Mare Nostrum (Eurospan)
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Цена: 20860.00 T
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Описание: Despite the popular assumption that Native American cultures in New England declined after Europeans arrived, evidence suggests that Indian communities continued to thrive alongside English colonists. In this sequel to her Native People of Southern New England, 1500-1650, Kathleen J. Bragdon continues the Indian story through the end of the colonial era and documents the impact of colonization.As she traces changes in Native social, cultural, and economic life, Bragdon explores what it meant to be Indian in colonial southern New England. Contrary to common belief, Bragdon argues, Indianness meant continuing Native lives and lifestyles, however distinct from those of the newcomers. She recreates Indian cosmology, moral values, community organization, and material culture to demonstrate that networks based on kinship, marriage, traditional residence patterns, and work all fostered a culture resistant to assimilation.Bragdon draws on the writings and reported speech of Indians to counter what colonists claimed to be signs of assimilation. She shows that when Indians adopted English cultural forms - such as Christianity and writing - they did so on their own terms, using these alternative tools for expressing their own ideas about power and the spirit world.Despite warfare, disease epidemics, and colonists' attempts at cultural suppression, distinctive Indian cultures persisted. Bragdon's scholarship gives us new insight into both the history of the tribes of southern New England and the nature of cultural contact.