Laws And Explanation In The Social Sciences, Mcintyre, Lee C

Автор: McIntyre Lee
Название: Post-Truth
ISBN: 0262535041 ISBN-13(EAN): 9780262535045
Издательство: MIT Press
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Цена: 18000.00 T
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How we arrived in a post-truth era, when "alternative facts" replace actual facts, and feelings have more weight than evidence.

Are we living in a post-truth world, where "alternative facts" replace actual facts and feelings have more weight than evidence? How did we get here? In this volume in the MIT Press Essential Knowledge series, Lee McIntyre traces the development of the post-truth phenomenon from science denial through the rise of "fake news," from our psychological blind spots to the public's retreat into "information silos."

What, exactly, is post-truth? Is it wishful thinking, political spin, mass delusion, bold-faced lying? McIntyre analyzes recent examples -- claims about inauguration crowd size, crime statistics, and the popular vote -- and finds that post-truth is an assertion of ideological supremacy by which its practitioners try to compel someone to believe something regardless of the evidence. Yet post-truth didn't begin with the 2016 election; the denial of scientific facts about smoking, evolution, vaccines, and climate change offers a road map for more widespread fact denial. Add to this the wired-in cognitive biases that make us feel that our conclusions are based on good reasoning even when they are not, the decline of traditional media and the rise of social media, and the emergence of fake news as a political tool, and we have the ideal conditions for post-truth. McIntyre also argues provocatively that the right wing borrowed from postmodernism -- specifically, the idea that there is no such thing as objective truth -- in its attacks on science and facts.

McIntyre argues that we can fight post-truth, and that the first step in fighting post-truth is to understand it.

Автор: Mcintyre, Lee
Название: On Disinformation
ISBN: 0262546302 ISBN-13(EAN): 9780262546300
Издательство: Random House (USA)
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Цена: 9170.00 T
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Автор: Mcintyre, Lee
Название: How to talk to a science denier
ISBN: 0262545055 ISBN-13(EAN): 9780262545051
Издательство: MIT Press
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Цена: 22790.00 T
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Описание: This year`s session was marked by substantial steps forward to support the reform process launched in 2009 with the aim to modernise the institutional framework and ensure a more efficient functioning of the commission. In addition the session adopted guidelines on precautionary conservation measures aimed at minimizing undesirable effects on stocks and improving fisheries economic profitability.

Автор: McIntyre Lee
Название: The Scientific Attitude: Defending Science from Denial, Fraud, and Pseudoscience
ISBN: 0262538938 ISBN-13(EAN): 9780262538930
Издательство: MIT Press
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Цена: 20260.00 T
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Описание: An argument that what makes science distinctive is its emphasis on evidence and scientists' willingness to change theories on the basis of new evidence.

Attacks on science have become commonplace. Claims that climate change isn't settled science, that evolution is "only a theory," and that scientists are conspiring to keep the truth about vaccines from the public are staples of some politicians' rhetorical repertoire. Defenders of science often point to its discoveries (penicillin! relativity!) without explaining exactly why scientific claims are superior. In this book, Lee McIntyre argues that what distinguishes science from its rivals is what he calls "the scientific attitude"--caring about evidence and being willing to change theories on the basis of new evidence. The history of science is littered with theories that were scientific but turned out to be wrong; the scientific attitude reveals why even a failed theory can help us to understand what is special about science.

McIntyre offers examples that illustrate both scientific success (a reduction in childbed fever in the nineteenth century) and failure (the flawed "discovery" of cold fusion in the twentieth century). He describes the transformation of medicine from a practice based largely on hunches into a science based on evidence; considers scientific fraud; examines the positions of ideology-driven denialists, pseudoscientists, and "skeptics" who reject scientific findings; and argues that social science, no less than natural science, should embrace the scientific attitude. McIntyre argues that the scientific attitude--the grounding of science in evidence--offers a uniquely powerful tool in the defense of science.

Автор: McIntyre Lee
Название: The Scientific Attitude: Defending Science from Denial, Fraud, and Pseudoscience
ISBN: 0262039834 ISBN-13(EAN): 9780262039833
Издательство: MIT Press
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Цена: 17330.00 T
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Описание: An argument that what makes science distinctive is its emphasis on evidence and scientists` willingness to change theories on the basis of new evidence.

Автор: McIntyre Lee
Название: How to Talk to a Science Denier: Conversations with Flat Earthers, Climate Deniers, and Others Who Defy Reason
ISBN: 0262046105 ISBN-13(EAN): 9780262046107
Издательство: MIT Press
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Цена: 23480.00 T
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Описание: Can we change the minds of science deniers? Encounters with flat earthers, anti-vaxxers, coronavirus truthers, and others.

Climate change is a hoax--and so is coronavirus. Vaccines are bad for you. These days, many of our fellow citizens reject scientific expertise and prefer ideology to facts. They are not merely uninformed--they are misinformed. They cite cherry-picked evidence, rely on fake experts, and believe conspiracy theories. How can we convince such people otherwise? How can we get them to change their minds and accept the facts when they don't believe in facts? In this book, Lee McIntyre shows that anyone can fight back against science deniers, and argues that it's important to do so. Science denial can kill.

Drawing on his own experience--including a visit to a Flat Earth convention--as well as academic research, McIntyre outlines the common themes of science denialism, present in misinformation campaigns ranging from tobacco companies' denial in the 1950s that smoking causes lung cancer to today's anti-vaxxers. He describes attempts to use his persuasive powers as a philosopher to convert Flat Earthers; surprising discussions with coal miners; and conversations with a scientist friend about genetically modified organisms in food. McIntyre offers tools and techniques for communicating the truth and values of science, emphasizing that the most important way to reach science deniers is to talk to them calmly and respectfully--to put ourselves out there, and meet them face to face.