Phrenology and the Origins of Victorian Scientific Naturalism, Wyhe, John van

Автор: Van Wyhe, John
Название: Phrenology and the origins of victorian scientific naturalism
ISBN: 1138249084 ISBN-13(EAN): 9781138249080
Издательство: Taylor&Francis
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Цена: 54090.00 T
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Описание: Through a reassessment of phrenology, Phrenology and the Origins of Victorian Scientific Naturalism sheds light on all kinds of works in Victorian Britain and America which have previously been unnoticed or were simply referred to with a vague 'naturalism of the times' explanation. It is often assumed that the scientific naturalism familiar in late nineteenth century writers such as T.H. Huxley and John Tyndall are the effects of a 'Darwinian revolution' unleashed in 1859 on an unsuspecting world following the publication of The Origin of Species. Yet it can be misleading to view Darwin's work in isolation, without locating it in the context of a well established and vigorous debate concerning scientific naturalism. Throughout the nineteenth century intellectuals and societies had been discussing the relationship between nature and man, and the scientific and religious implications thereof. At the forefront of these debates were the advocates of phrenology, who sought to apply their theories to a wide range of subjects, from medicine and the treatment of the insane, to education, theology and even economic theories. Showing how ideas about naturalism and the doctrine of natural laws were born in the early phrenology controversies in the 1820s, this book charts the spread of such views. It argues that one book in particular, The Constitution of Man in Relation to External Objects (1828) by George Combe, had an enormous influence on scientific thinking and the popularity of the 'naturalistic movement'. The Constitution was one of the best-selling books of the nineteenth century, being published continuously from 1828 to 1899, and selling more than 350,000 copies throughout the world, many times more than Dawin's The Origin of Species. By restoring Combe and his work to centre stage it provides modern scholars with a more accurate picture of the Victorians' view of their place in Nature.

Автор: Lightman Bernard, Dawson Gowan
Название: Victorian Scientific Naturalism: Community, Identity, Continuity
ISBN: 022610950X ISBN-13(EAN): 9780226109503
Издательство: Wiley
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Цена: 44350.00 T
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Описание: Examines the secular creeds of the generation of intellectuals who, in the wake of The Origin of Species, wrested cultural authority from the old Anglican establishment while installing themselves as a new professional scientific elite.

Автор: Christian J. Emden
Название: Nietzsche`s Naturalism: Philosophy and the Life Sciences in the Nineteenth Century
ISBN: 1107685087 ISBN-13(EAN): 9781107685086
Издательство: Cambridge Academ
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Цена: 33790.00 T
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Описание: Through the encounters between neo-Kantianism and the life sciences in the nineteenth century, this book explores Nietzsche`s naturalism and his understanding of normativity. Proposing specific historical reasons for Nietzsche adopting the views that he did, Emden argues that Nietzsche asked questions about naturalism and normativity that are still relevant today.

Автор: Lightman, Bernard
Название: Evolutionary Naturalism in Victorian Britain
ISBN: 1138382434 ISBN-13(EAN): 9781138382435
Издательство: Taylor&Francis
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Цена: 48990.00 T
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Описание: Scholars have tended to portray T. H. Huxley, John Tyndall, and their allies as the dominant cultural authority in the second half of the 19th century. Defenders of Darwin and his theory of evolution, these men of science are often seen as a potent force for the secularization of British intellectual and social life. In this collection of essays Bernard Lightman argues that historians have exaggerated the power of scientific naturalism to undermine the role of religion in middle and late-Victorian Britain, and shifts the focus to include those who criticized this influential group of elite intellectuals.

Автор: Lightman, Bernard
Название: Evolutionary Naturalism in Victorian Britain
ISBN: 0754659879 ISBN-13(EAN): 9780754659877
Издательство: Taylor&Francis
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Цена: 153120.00 T
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Автор: Poskett James
Название: Materials of the Mind: Phrenology, Race, and the Global History of Science, 1815-1920
ISBN: 022662675X ISBN-13(EAN): 9780226626758
Издательство: Wiley
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Цена: 41190.00 T
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Описание: This is not only the first global history of nineteenth-century science but the first global history of phrenology.

Phrenology was the most popular mental science of the Victorian age. From American senators to Indian social reformers, this new mental science found supporters around the globe. Materials of the Mind tells the story of how phrenology changed the world--and how the world changed phrenology.

This is a story of skulls from the Arctic, plaster casts from Haiti, books from Bengal, and letters from the Pacific. Drawing on far-flung museum and archival collections, and addressing sources in six different languages, Materials of the Mind is an impressively innovative account of science in the nineteenth century as part of global history. It shows how the circulation of material culture underpinned the emergence of a new materialist philosophy of the mind, while also demonstrating how a global approach to history can help us reassess issues such as race, technology, and politics today.

Автор: Cooter, Roger
Название: Phrenology in Europe and America
ISBN: 0415236231 ISBN-13(EAN): 9780415236232
Издательство: Taylor&Francis
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Цена: 1480160.00 T
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Автор: Alexandra Roginski
Название: Science and Power in the Nineteenth-Century Tasman World: Popular Phrenology in Australia and Aotearoa New Zealand
ISBN: 1316519449 ISBN-13(EAN): 9781316519448
Издательство: Cambridge Academ
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Цена: 89760.00 T
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Описание: The contentious science of phrenology once promised insight into character and intellect through external 'reading' of the head. In the transforming settler-colonial landscapes of nineteenth-century Australia and Aotearoa New Zealand, popular phrenologists – figures who often hailed from the margins – performed their science of touch and cranial jargon everywhere from mechanics' institutions to public houses. In this compelling work, Alexandra Roginski recounts a history of this everyday practice, exploring how it featured in the fates of people living in, and moving through, the Tasman World. Innovatively drawing on historical newspapers and a network of archives, she traces the careers of a diverse range of popular phrenologists and those they encountered. By analysing the actions at play in scientific episodes through ethnographic, social and cultural history, Roginski considers how this now-discredited science could, in its own day, yield fleeting power and advantage, even against a backdrop of large-scale dispossession and social brittleness.

Автор: Corti, Luca
Название: Nature and Naturalism in Classical German Philosophy
ISBN: 0367541726 ISBN-13(EAN): 9780367541729
Издательство: Taylor&Francis
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Цена: 148010.00 T
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Автор: Otto Rudolf
Название: Naturalism and Religion
ISBN: 1847024653 ISBN-13(EAN): 9781847024657
Издательство: Неизвестно
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Цена: 12530.00 T
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Описание: Rudolf Otto (1869-1937) was an eminent German Lutheran theologian, philosopher, and comparative religionist, who is regarded as one of the most influential scholars of religion in the early 20th century. He is best known for his theory of numinous, a profound emotional experience he argued was at the heart of the world's religions. Otto evntually came to conceive his work as part of a science of religion which was divided into the philosophy of religion, the history of religion, and the psychology of religion. His first book was Naturalism and Religion (1904) which divides the world ontologically into the mental and the physical, a position reflecting Cartesian dualism. He argues that consciousness cannot be explained in terms of physical or neural processes, further arguing that all knowledge of the physical world is mediated by personal experience. In his preface to this English translation of 1907 the Rev W D Morrison notes that Dr Otto possesses the rare merit of combining a high philosophic discipline with an accurate and comprehensive knowledge of the science of organic nature, allowing him to comment authoritatively on the debate concerning the religious and the non-religious conception of human life and destiny.

Автор: B. Kamran Swanson, Dann Siems, Elizabeth E. Dunn, Marsha Driscoll
Название: Charles Darwin, the Copley Medal, and the Rise of Naturalism, 1862-1864
ISBN: 1469670771 ISBN-13(EAN): 9781469670775
Издательство: Mare Nostrum (Eurospan)
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Цена: 25080.00 T
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Описание: Since its appearance in 1859, Darwin's long-awaited treatise in "genetic biology" had received reviews both favorable and damning. Thomas Huxley and Samuel Wilberforce presented arguments for and against the theory in a dramatic and widely publicized face-off at the 1860 meeting of the British Association for the Advancement of Science in Oxford. Their encounter sparked a vigorous, complex debate that touched on a host of issues and set the stage for the Royal Society's consideration of whether they ought to award Darwin the Copley Medal, the society's most prestigious prize. While the action takes place in meetings of the Royal Society, Great Britain's most important scientific body, a parallel and influential public argument smolders over the nature of science and its relationship to modern life in an industrial society.

A significant component of the Darwin game is the tension between natural and teleological views of the world, manifested especially in reconsideration of the design argument, commonly known through William Paley's Natural Theology; or, Evidences of the Existence and Attributes of the Deity(1802) and updated by Wilberforce. But the scientific debate also percolated through a host of related issues: the meaning and purposes of inductive and hypothetical speculation in science; the professionalization of science; the implications of Darwinism for social reform, racial theories, and women's rights; and the evolving concept of causation in sciences and its implications for public policy. Because of the revolutionary potential of Darwin's ideas, the connections between science and nearly every other aspect of culture became increasingly evident. Scientific papers and laboratory demonstrations presented in Royal Society meetings during the game provide the backdrop for momentous conflict, conflict that continues to shape our perceptions of modern science.

Автор: Stanley Finger
Название: Mark Twain, Dr. Oliver Wendell Holmes, and the Head Readers: Literature, Humor, and Faddish Phrenology
ISBN: 1009301292 ISBN-13(EAN): 9781009301299
Издательство: Cambridge Academ
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Цена: 32730.00 T
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Описание: Having a phrenological 'head reading' was one of the most significant fads of the nineteenth century – a means for better knowing oneself and a guide for self-improvement. Samuel Clemens (Mark Twain) had a lifelong yet long overlooked interest in phrenology, the pseudoscience claiming to correlate skull features with specialized brain areas and higher mental traits. Twain's books are laced with phrenological terms and concepts, and he lampooned the head readers in Tom Sawyer and Huckleberry Finn. He was influenced by Dr. Oliver Wendell Holmes, who also used his humor to assail head readers and educate the public. Finger shows that both humorists accepted certain features of phrenology, but not their skull-based ideas. By examining a fascinating topic at the intersection of literature and the history of neuroscience, this engaging study will appeal to readers interested in phrenology, science, medicine, American history, and the lives and works of Twain and Holmes.