Female Employment and Gender Gaps in China, Ma Xinxin
Автор: Martin Ruhs, et al. Название: Bridging the Gaps: Linking Research to Public Debates and Policy Making on Migration and Integration ISBN: 0198834551 ISBN-13(EAN): 9780198834557 Издательство: Oxford Academ Рейтинг: Цена: 72870.00 T Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ. Описание: What is the use of research in public debates and policy-making on immigration and integration? Why are there such large gaps between migration debates and migration realities? This book provides a unique set of testimonies and analyses of these questions by researchers and public policy experts.
Persistent skills shortages have constrained new investments and economic growth in Sri Lanka. This study recommends supply-side responses to increase the quantity and quality of labor in these areas. Its recommendations include raising awareness among young people about the sectors' employment potential, upgrading courses, providing professional development for instructors, and establishing collaborations between businesses and training institutes.
Автор: World Bank Group Название: New Century, Old Disparities: Ethnic and Gender Earnings Gaps in Latin America ISBN: 0821386867 ISBN-13(EAN): 9780821386866 Издательство: Mare Nostrum (Eurospan) Рейтинг: Цена: 26790.00 T Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ. Описание: After a sustained economic growth period at the end of the last century and the beginning of this one, Latin America still faces high inequality and lower well-being indicators among women, afro-descendants, and indigenous peoples. This is a period in which the world and particularly Latin America has experienced important changes regarding the role of women and men. Marriage, education and work decisions have evolved and, as a result, women’s visibility at home, at school, in the labor markets and in society have evolved as well. But there are still, however, important challenges in the labor markets. Earnings differentials as well as occupational and hierarchical segregation are commonly accepted as the norm in the region’s labor markets.For the diverse racial and ethnic groups the situation has been less auspicious than for women. Statistics reveal that traditionally excluded ethnic groups have worse poverty and income outcomes, reflected in issues such as restricted access to public services, poorer health conditions, lack of political representation, confinement into low productivity activities and prevalent discrimination. The evidence points that in Latin America, a racially and ethnically diverse region, the benefits of the recent progress have not reached equally indigenous peoples and Afro-descendants. This pattern can be traced to lower human capital endowments, manifested in poorer educational performance and fewer years of job experience. In this way, these groups have been less able to benefit from the economic opportunities generated within this prosperous period.This book is about gender and ethnic differences in labor markets earnings. It revolves around the question: to what extent the gender (ethnic) differences in earnings are a result of gender (ethnic) differences in observable individuals’ characteristics that the labor markets reward? Such question is answered with a novel methodological approach based on matching comparisons, resembling the Oaxaca Blinder (OB) decompositions, extending their scope. What would the distribution of females’ and males’ earnings be if they had equal levels of education, if they worked the same quantity of hours per week, if they worked in the same kind of formal jobs, or in firms of the same size? What would happen with the earnings gap, for instance, if men and women had the same occupations or were distributed equally through economic sectors? Further on, what would happen if all men and women in the labor markets were equally distributed along all of these characteristics at the same time? The novelty of the methodology introduced in this book is that it allows us to create fictional labor markets where these counterfactuals are true. Furthermore, this book addresses not only the extent to which those differentials can be explained by individuals’ characteristics, but also how have these gaps evolved during the last two decades. In this way, it allows the discussion of policy options for these pressing issues in the region.
Автор: Tagliarina Corinne, Tagliarina Daniel Название: Bringing Human Rights Back: Embracing Human Rights as a Mechanism for Addressing Gaps in United States Law ISBN: 1498572243 ISBN-13(EAN): 9781498572248 Издательство: Bloomsbury Рейтинг: Цена: 80190.00 T Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ. Описание: This book examines well-documented policy failures in the United States and argues that a human rights approach to these issues can lead to meaningful change regarding online harassment of women, child poverty, and access to water. The authors articulate a practical way forward rooted in human rights scholarship and practice.
1. Introduction.- 2. Does trade-openness affect the role of the domestic output-gap on inflation? If so, what is the role of the global out-put gap?.- 3. Does an increase in trade-openness and import-penetration affect income inequality? Evidence from the manufacturing sector output growth and employment growth.- 4. What is the impact of Chinese import penetration on the South African manufacturing sector?.- 5. What is the impact of global trade uncertainty and the exchange rate volatility on the manufacturing sector?.- 6. How does activity in manufacturing sector respond to trade and exchange rate shocks? Evidence from trade-openness and import penetration thresholds.- 7. What is the impact of imports by stage of production on the manufacturing sector output and employment growth?.- 8. What is the impact of imports by stage of production and the manufacturing sector investment growth?.- 9. What is the impact of global trade uncertainty and the exchange rate volatility on the manufacturing sector?.- 10. What is the impact of commodity price booms and capital flows surges episodes on the manufacturing sector?.- 11. What are the effects of capital flow shocks on the domestic manufacturing sector?.- 12. Does the persistent widening in the trade deficit explain the decline in the manufacturing sector output and employment growth?.- 13. Do credit booms, financial and credit cycles affect activity in the manufacturing sector?.- 14. What is the role of business and consumer confidence in amplifying the transmission of positive shocks into the manufacturing sector?.- 15. Do positive investment shocks in the manufacturing sector result in increased labour absorption and participation rates?.- 16. Did the decline in the excess capital adequacy ratio amplify the monetary policy easing and credit cycles on activity in the manufacturing sector?.- 17. Did the increase in excess liquid assets of banks amplify the effects of tight macro-prudential tools on activity in the manufacturing sector?.- 18. Did loose loan-to-value and repayment-to-income ratios amplify commodity price booms on activity in the manufacturing sector?.- 19. Do tight loan-to-value and repayment-to-income ratios in amplify the effects of tight monetary policy cycles on the manufacturing sector activity?.- 20. What is the impact of selected financial regulation and macro-prudential tools on credit to the manufacturing sector?.- 21. Did monetary policy cycles propagate the impact of credit and financial cycles on activity in the manufacturing sector during 2005Q1 and 2008Q3?.- 22. What was the role of demand shocks, supply shocks, productivity shocks and monetary policy shocks on the manufacturing sector during 2005Q1 and 2008Q3?.- 23. The role of electricity price shocks on the manufacturing sector output and employment growth.- 24. What is the impact of the manufacturing sector output and sub-sector employment growth on the labour absorption and participation rates?.- 25. What is the nature of the output-employment in the manufacturing sector? Evidence from the manufacturing subsectors.- 26. What are the effects of the minimum wage and productivity growth on the manufacturing sector output and employment growth?.- 27. What is the impact of market income concentration and the mergers and acquisitions channel on the manufacturing sector?.
Автор: Ma Xinxin Название: Female Employment and Gender Gaps in China ISBN: 9813369035 ISBN-13(EAN): 9789813369030 Издательство: Springer Цена: 46570.00 T Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ. Описание: This open access book investigates female employment and the gender gap in the labor market and households during China's economic transition period. It provides the reader with academic evidence for understanding the mechanism of female labor force participation, the determinants of the gender gap in the labor market, and the impact of policy transformation on women's wages and employment in China from an economics perspective. The main content of this book includes three parts―women's family responsibilities and women's labor supply (child care, parent care, and women's employment), the gender gap in the labor market and society (gender gaps in wages, Communist Party membership, and participation in social activity), and the impacts of policy transformation on women's wages and employment (the social security system and the educational expansion policy on women's wages and employment) in China. This book provides academic evidence about these issues based on economics theories and econometric analysis methods using many kinds of long-term Chinese national survey data. This book is highly recommended to readers who are interested in up-to-date and in-depth empirical studies of the gender gap and women's employment in China during the economic transition period. This book is of interest to various groups such as readers who are interested in the Chinese economy, policymakers, and scholars with econometric analysis backgrounds.
1. Introduction.- 2. Does trade-openness affect the role of the domestic output-gap on inflation? If so, what is the role of the global out-put gap?.- 3. Does an increase in trade-openness and import-penetration affect income inequality? Evidence from the manufacturing sector output growth and employment growth.- 4. What is the impact of Chinese import penetration on the South African manufacturing sector?.- 5. What is the impact of global trade uncertainty and the exchange rate volatility on the manufacturing sector?.- 6. How does activity in manufacturing sector respond to trade and exchange rate shocks? Evidence from trade-openness and import penetration thresholds.- 7. What is the impact of imports by stage of production on the manufacturing sector output and employment growth?.- 8. What is the impact of imports by stage of production and the manufacturing sector investment growth?.- 9. What is the impact of global trade uncertainty and the exchange rate volatility on the manufacturing sector?.- 10. What is the impact of commodity price booms and capital flows surges episodes on the manufacturing sector?.- 11. What are the effects of capital flow shocks on the domestic manufacturing sector?.- 12. Does the persistent widening in the trade deficit explain the decline in the manufacturing sector output and employment growth?.- 13. Do credit booms, financial and credit cycles affect activity in the manufacturing sector?.- 14. What is the role of business and consumer confidence in amplifying the transmission of positive shocks into the manufacturing sector?.- 15. Do positive investment shocks in the manufacturing sector result in increased labour absorption and participation rates?.- 16. Did the decline in the excess capital adequacy ratio amplify the monetary policy easing and credit cycles on activity in the manufacturing sector?.- 17. Did the increase in excess liquid assets of banks amplify the effects of tight macro-prudential tools on activity in the manufacturing sector?.- 18. Did loose loan-to-value and repayment-to-income ratios amplify commodity price booms on activity in the manufacturing sector?.- 19. Do tight loan-to-value and repayment-to-income ratios in amplify the effects of tight monetary policy cycles on the manufacturing sector activity?.- 20. What is the impact of selected financial regulation and macro-prudential tools on credit to the manufacturing sector?.- 21. Did monetary policy cycles propagate the impact of credit and financial cycles on activity in the manufacturing sector during 2005Q1 and 2008Q3?.- 22. What was the role of demand shocks, supply shocks, productivity shocks and monetary policy shocks on the manufacturing sector during 2005Q1 and 2008Q3?.- 23. The role of electricity price shocks on the manufacturing sector output and employment growth.- 24. What is the impact of the manufacturing sector output and sub-sector employment growth on the labour absorption and participation rates?.- 25. What is the nature of the output-employment in the manufacturing sector? Evidence from the manufacturing subsectors.- 26. What are the effects of the minimum wage and productivity growth on the manufacturing sector output and employment growth?.- 27. What is the impact of market income concentration and the mergers and acquisitions channel on the manufacturing sector?.
Автор: Lone Engbo Christiansen, Huidan Lin, Joana Pereira, Petia Topalova, Rima Turk Название: Unlocking Female Employment Potential in Europe: Drivers and Benefits ISBN: 1513562517 ISBN-13(EAN): 9781513562513 Издательство: Mare Nostrum (Eurospan) Рейтинг: Цена: 22170.00 T Наличие на складе: Невозможна поставка. Описание: Investigates the drivers of female labour force participation in Europe as well as what effects greater gender diversity in senior corporate positions might have for Europe`s economic performance. Reexamining the factors driving women`s labor force participation is particularly important because in many European countries the process of closing the gender gap has stalled.
Автор: Song Название: Gender and Employment in Rural China ISBN: 1138915769 ISBN-13(EAN): 9781138915763 Издательство: Taylor&Francis Рейтинг: Цена: 148010.00 T Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ. Описание: With China’s rapid advancements in urbanization and industrialization, there has been significant labor movement away from agriculture in the rural regions. Using four village case studies, Song examines how this restructuring process affects the rural population. Much of her research is centered on their various perceptions and reactions towards the market reforms. How are their lives reshaped through the employment transition? Along with the changes of family life and the diversification of development models, how do an individual’s gender and background play a role in determining employment? These are the broad questions that Song addresses through detailed analysis of four different villages, in light of China’s move towards decentralization of its rural economy.
Автор: Kazuo Yamaguchi Название: Gender Inequalities in the Japanese Workplace and Employment ISBN: 9811376808 ISBN-13(EAN): 9789811376801 Издательство: Springer Рейтинг: Цена: 74530.00 T Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ. Описание: The in-depth analyses presented in this book have a dual focus: (1) Social mechanisms through which the gender wage gap, gender inequality in the attainment of managerial positions, and gender segregation of occupations are generated in Japan; and (2) Assessments of the effects of firms’ gender-egalitarian personnel policies and work–life balance promotion policies on the gender wage gap and the firms’ productivity. In addition, this work reviews and discusses various economic and sociological theories of gender inequality and gender discrimination and considers their consistencies and inconsistencies with the results of the analysis of Japanese data. Furthermore, the book critically reviews and discusses the historical development of the Japanese employment system by juxtaposing rational and cultural explanations. This book is an English translation by the author of a book he first published in Japanese in 2017. The original Japanese-language edition received two major book awards in Japan. One was The Nikkei Economic Book Culture Award, which is given every year by the Nikkei Newspaper Company and the Japan Economic Research Center to a few best books on economy and society. The other was The Showa University’s Women’s Culture Research Award, which is bestowed annually on a single book of research that promotes gender equality. Kazuo Yamaguchi is the Ralph Lewis Professor of Sociology at the University of Chicago.
Автор: Jordan Ellen Название: The Women`s Movement and Women`s Employment in Nineteenth Century Britain ISBN: 0415510503 ISBN-13(EAN): 9780415510509 Издательство: Taylor&Francis Рейтинг: Цена: 46950.00 T Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ. Описание: Ellen Jordan`s treatment of the expansion of middle-class women`s work is perhaps the most comprehensive available and is a valuable complement to existing works on the social and economic history of women.
The gender wage gap is one of the most persistent problems of labor markets and women’s lives.
Most approaches to explaining the gap focus on adult employment despite the fact that many Americans begin working well before their education is completed. In her critical and compelling new book, The Cost of Being a Girl, Yasemin Besen-Cassino examines the origins of the gender wage gap by looking at the teenage labor force, where comparisons between boys and girls ought to show no difference, but do.
Besen-Cassino’s findings are disturbing. Because of discrimination in the market, most teenage girls who start part-time work as babysitters and in other freelance jobs fail to make the same wages as teenage boys who move into employee-type jobs. The “cost” of being a girl is also psychological; when teenage girls work retail jobs in the apparel industry, they have lower wages and body image issues in the long run.
Through in-depth interviews and surveys with workers and employees, The Cost of Being a Girl puts this alarming social problem—which extends to race and class inequality—in to bold relief. Besen-Cassino emphasizes that early inequalities in the workplace ultimately translate into greater inequalities in the overall labor force.
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