For almost four centuries, the indigenous Chiripá (Guaraní) people of eastern Paraguay have maintained themselves as a distinct society and culture, despite continual and often intense relations with Paraguayan society and the international economy. In this study, Richard K. Reed explores the economic and social basis for this ethnic autonomy.
Reed finds that Chiripá economic power derives from their practice of commercial agroforestry. Unlike Latin American indigenous societies that have been forced to clear land for commercial agriculture, the Chiripá continue to harvest and sell forest products, such as caffeinated yerba mate, without destroying the forests. Reed also explores the relation of this complex economy to Chiripá social organization and shows how flexible kin ties allowed the Chiripá to adapt to the pressure and opportunities of the commercial economy without adopting the authoritarian nature of rural Paraguayan society.
These findings offer important insights into the relations among indigenous groups, nation-states, and the international economy. They also provide a timely alternative model for sustainable management of subtropical forests that will be of interest in the fields of development and environmental studies.
Автор: Sarreal Julia Название: The Guarani and Their Missions: A Socioeconomic History ISBN: 080478597X ISBN-13(EAN): 9780804785976 Издательство: Wiley EDC Рейтинг: Цена: 70930.00 T Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ. Описание:
The thirty Guaran? missions of the R?o de la Plata were the largest and most prosperous of all the Catholic missions established throughout the frontier regions of the Americas to convert, acculturate, and incorporate indigenous peoples and their lands into the Spanish and Portuguese empires. But between 1768 and 1800, the mission population fell by almost half and the economy became insolvent. This unique socioeconomic history provides a coherent and comprehensive explanation for the missions' operation and decline, providing readers with an understanding of the material changes experienced by the Guaran? in their day-to-day lives.
Although the mission economy funded operations, sustained the population, and influenced daily routines, scholars have not focused on this important aspect of Guaran? history, primarily producing studies of religious and cultural change. This book employs mission account books, letters, and other archival materials to trace the Guaran? mission work regime and to examine how the Guaran? shaped the mission economy. These materials enable the author to poke holes in longheld beliefs about Jesuit mission management and offer original arguments regarding the Bourbon reforms that ultimately made the missions unsustainable.
Автор: Britton, A.s. Название: Guarani-english/english-guarani concise dictionary ISBN: 0781810663 ISBN-13(EAN): 9780781810661 Издательство: Неизвестно Рейтинг: Цена: 14890.00 T Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ. Описание: With over 7,000 entries, this is a comprehensive bilingual Guarani/English dictionary. This volume provides parts of speech, illustrative examples, and etymological notes for words derived from Spanish. A pronunciation and orthography section is supplied to ensure that users are understood when travelling.
Название: Guarani Linguistics in the 21st Century ISBN: 9004322566 ISBN-13(EAN): 9789004322561 Издательство: Brill Цена: 197910.00 T Наличие на складе: Невозможна поставка. Описание: In Guarani Linguistics in the 21st Century Bruno Estigarribia and Justin Pinta bring together a series of state-of-the-art linguistic studies of the Guarani language. Guarani is the only indigenous language of the Americas that is spoken by a non-indigenous majority. In 1992, it achieved official status in Paraguay, on a par with Spanish. Current language planning efforts focus on its standardization for use in education, administration, science, and technology. In this context, it is of paramount importance to have a solid understanding of Guarani that is well-grounded in modern linguistic theory. This volume aims to fulfil that role and spur further research of this important South American language.
Автор: Estigarribia, Bruno Название: Grammar of paraguayan guarani ISBN: 1787352927 ISBN-13(EAN): 9781787352926 Издательство: Неизвестно Рейтинг: Цена: 45980.00 T Наличие на складе: Невозможна поставка. Описание: A comprehensive text that focuses on methods to assess and develop interventions for people with functional-cognitive impairments. Numerous videos, practical how-to information, theoretical bases, OTPF-3 alignment, and current evidence guide students and clinicians in integrating assessment information into the context of clinical care. Includes free access to online content.
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