Do Our Children Have a Chance?: A Human Opportunity Report for Latin America and the Caribbean, Molinas Vega Josй R., Paes De Barros Ricardo, Saavedra Chanduvi Jaime

Автор: United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean
Название: Foreign Direct Investment in Latin America and the Caribbean 2016
ISBN: 9211219140 ISBN-13(EAN): 9789211219142
Издательство: Mare Nostrum (Eurospan)
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Цена: 30490.00 T
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Описание: In its latest edition, the Foreign Direct Investment in Latin America and the Caribbean report analyses in depth the FDI received by the Caribbean, where these flows are much more significant than in the rest of the region as a proportion of Gross Domestic Product (GDP). The study also examines the impact of FDI on the environment.

Автор: United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean
Название: Neostructuralism and Heterodox Thinking in Latin America and the Caribbean in the Early Twenty-First Century
ISBN: 9213290322 ISBN-13(EAN): 9789213290323
Издательство: Mare Nostrum (Eurospan)
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Цена: 33440.00 T
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Описание: Neostructuralism delves more deeply into the issues addressed in structuralism, aiming to improve positioning in the international economy, boost productive employment creation, reduce structural heterogeneity and improve income distribution, while maintaining financial balances capable of sustaining changes in the sphere of production by means of social and State support. Far from being an insular system of thinking, neostructuralism is an open system that lends itself to dialogue with other philosophies that recognize the limitations of the dominant paradigm and object to its methodological monism. This book offers a fresh look at neostructuralism and heterodox thinking at the start of the twenty-first century. In a context shaped by the impacts of the worst economic and financial crisis since the Great Depression and by paradigmatic changes at the global level, it aims to carve out arenas for discussion between alternative lines of thinking in order to lay the foundations for a socioeconomically inclusive and environmentally sustainable model of development for the region.

Автор: Joana Silva, Liliana Sousa, Raymond Robertson, Truman Packard
Название: Crises and Labor Markets in Latin America and the Caribbean (Spanish edition): Lessons for an Inclusive Recovery from the COVID-19 Pandemic
ISBN: 1464816867 ISBN-13(EAN): 9781464816864
Издательство: Mare Nostrum (Eurospan)
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Цена: 36030.00 T
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Описание: This report estimates how crises change labour market flows, assesses how these changes affect people, and discusses the key policy responses. A better policy framework for preventing, managing, and helping people recover from crises is crucial to lifting long-term growth and livelihoods in Latin America and the Caribbean.

Автор: Joana Silva, Liliana Sousa, Raymond Robertson, Truman Packard
Название: Crises and Labor Markets in Latin America and the Caribbean: Lessons for an Inclusive Recovery from the COVID-19 Pandemic
ISBN: 1464816727 ISBN-13(EAN): 9781464816727
Издательство: Mare Nostrum (Eurospan)
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Цена: 35950.00 T
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Описание: A better policy framework for preventing, managing, and helping people recover from crises is crucial to lifting long-term growth and livelihoods in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC). The need for this policy framework has never been more urgent as the region faces the monumental task of recovery from the worldwide COVID-19 pandemic. Whether specific policy responses will deliver the expected growth dividends will depend on the underlying vision of how labor markets adjust to crises and the quality of the policies enacted. This report estimates how crises change labor market flows, assesses how these changes affect people, and discusses the key policy responses.The key findings are threefold. First, crises have significant impacts on employment dynamics and structure in Latin America. Different labor market dynamics hide behind similar reductions in labor demand. Crises increase unemployment. This is the principal margin of adjustment despite highly informal labor markets. Across the region, the biggest employment losses are in the formal sector, driven by a reduction in job-finding rates rather than higher job-loss rates. Adjustment through reduction in hours worked does not seem to be an important factor in most countries' formal or informal sectors. Crises do not just shape worker flows temporarily—they have significant after-crisis effects on the structure of employment that last for several years. These effects are such that good job opportunities are gradually shrinking. Whereas in some countries the whole economy shrinks, in others informality serves as a partial buffer. Second, crises leave scars. Some workers recover from displacement and other livelihood shocks, while others are permanently scarred. For lower-skilled workers, earnings losses are persistent. Workers with higher education suffer no impacts of the crisis on their wages and very short-lived impacts on their employment. The responses are similar across male and female workers and workers with high and low previous participation in the formal labor market. New entrants to the labor market during a crisis face a worse career start – one from which it is difficult to recover. Yet, crises also bring efficiency gains, as detailed in this report.This study finds that both the structure of product markets and the conditions in local labor markets matter for the severity of crisis-induced employment and earnings losses across localities and sectors. Workers in more protected sectors that enjoy rents are sheltered from adjustment, while workers in localities with more informality cope better. This suggests the need for integrated responses at the worker, sector, and locality levels.Third, this study considers how the region’s policy frameworks can more effectively respond to crises—mitigating scarring, speeding adjustment, and promoting long-term growth. It proposes a three-pronged strategy, including (i) creating a more stable macroeconomic environment at the aggregate level to smooth the impacts of crises, including "automatic stabilizers" such as countercyclical, publicly-financed income support that is lacking in LAC; (ii) increasing the capacity of social protection and labor policies to provide income support as well prepare workers for change through reemployment assistance; and (iii) tackling structural issues, including addressing product market competition, contestability issues, and the spatial dimension behind poor labor market adjustment.

Автор: United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean
Название: Horizons 2030: Equality at the Centre of Sustainable Development
ISBN: 9213290292 ISBN-13(EAN): 9789213290293
Издательство: Mare Nostrum (Eurospan)
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Цена: 41800.00 T
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Описание: The world is living a change of era. The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and its 17 Sustainable Development Goals represent the international community’s response to the economic, distributive and environmental imbalances built up under the prevailing development pattern. This document, presented by the Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC) to its member States at its thirty-sixth session, provides an analytical complement to the 2030 Agenda from a structuralist perspective and from the point of view of the Latin American and Caribbean countries. The proposals made here stem from the need to achieve progressive structural change in order to incorporate more knowledge into production, ensure social inclusion and combat the negative impacts of climate change. The reflections and proposals for advancing towards a new development pattern are geared to achieving equality and environmental sustainability. In these proposals, the creation of global and regional public goods and the corresponding domestic policies form the core for expanding the structuralist tradition towards a global Keynesianism and a development strategy centered around an environmental big push.

Автор: Jorge Thompson Araujo, Markus Brueckner, Mateo Clavijo, Ekaterina Vostroknutova, Konstantin M. Wacker
Название: Beyond Commodities: The Growth Challenge of Latin America and the Caribbean
ISBN: 1464806586 ISBN-13(EAN): 9781464806582
Издательство: Mare Nostrum (Eurospan)
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Цена: 25040.00 T
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Описание: During the 2000s, the Latin America and the Caribbean region (LAC) saw a decade of growth and income convergence. Its growth performance was also especially pro-poor. Understanding the factors underlying the region’s growth is critical for policy design going forward. This volume reassesses these engines of growth in light of new data and information. To a large extent, the LAC region benefitted from external conditions and policy decisions in the 2000s. However, with the favorable external conditions coming to a close, the determinants of growth that are influenced by policy will need to play a bigger role if the region wants to avoid losing its growth momentum. Using dynamic panel data regressions, this publication investigates how aggregate economic, political, and social variables affect per capita GDP growth rates for a large sample of countries. The research finds that drivers of growth in LAC have shifted over the last decade. Most LAC countries had already brought their macroeconomic house in order throughout the 1990s, which facilitated benefits from other sources of growth. While structural features continued to be robust determinants of growth, for many LAC countries— most notably net commodity exporters—external conditions were an essential driver. This publication also carries out a benchmarking exercise that sheds light on where the greatest return on investment could be for LAC countries in terms of broad policy directions. The empirical findings provide a window into the potential growth-facilitating role that governments can play in the region.

Автор: United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean
Название: Youth: Realities and Challenges for Achieving Development with Equality
ISBN: 9213290314 ISBN-13(EAN): 9789213290316
Издательство: Mare Nostrum (Eurospan)
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Цена: 25080.00 T
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Описание: This book offers a portrayal of the opportunities for social inclusion afforded to young people in Latin America and the Caribbean, with a view to building stronger youth policies in the region. The youth population must be included in development processes if progress is to be made towards more egalitarian societies because of what they mean in relation to dependency rates and the needs and issues particular to this stage of life. ECLAC construes the process of inclusion in society from a rights based perspective that transcends the basic pillars of education and employment to encompass other dimensions of social inclusion that are crucial for young people to progress not only in the objective parameters of inclusion, but also in subjective ones, so that they can feel part of a society they help to build. It examines education and the transition towards employment, access to health and important health-related considerations for this age group, the increasingly violent contexts facing youth, the cultural sphere —with particular attention to digital culture— and political participation by young people, all from the perspective of coordinated sectoral policies.

Автор: Fernando Blanco, Frederieke Koehler, Pablo Saavedra, Emilia Skrok
Название: Fiscal Rules and Economic Size in Latin America and the Caribbean
ISBN: 1464813825 ISBN-13(EAN): 9781464813825
Издательство: Mare Nostrum (Eurospan)
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Цена: 33400.00 T
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Описание: This book provides analytical and practical criteria for the design of fiscal rules in small economies in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC). The fiscal positions of most LAC countries have deteriorated in the last decade. The region's average fiscal deficit rose from 1.9 percent of GDP in 2001-08 to 3.6 percent in 2009-17, pushing the average public debt stock from 40 percent of GDP in 2008 to 62 percent in 2017. Small countries in LAC have had especially larger fiscal deficits and accelerated indebtedness. Fiscal rules represent a promising policy option for smaller LAC economies. Given their greater exposure to volatility from frequent and intense natural disasters and terms of trade shocks, smaller economies can obtain larger benefits from using fiscal rules which enhance the sustainability, predictability, and credibility of fiscal policy. If well designed, these rules enable flexibility to mitigate the impact of adverse shocks. While the need for fiscal rules to ensure fiscal sustainability is well recognized, the relative advantages and drawbacks of different types of fiscal rules vary with each country's macroeconomic characteristics. This study provides analytical criteria for selecting fiscal rules or sets of rules best suited to a country's business cycle features, exchange rate regime, type of shocks faced, and institutional characteristics. It reviews the performance of fiscal rules worldwide and assesses which rule types are most frequently used, have the best record for compliance, and are the most effective in promoting debt sustainability and preventing procyclical fiscal policies, while also presenting the features that tend to improve their performance.

Название: Foreign Direct Investment in Latin America and the Caribbean 2018
ISBN: 9211219930 ISBN-13(EAN): 9789211219937
Издательство: Mare Nostrum (Eurospan)
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Цена: 51750.00 T
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Описание: This publication sets out and analyses the main foreign direct investment (FDI) trends in the countries of Latin America and the Caribbean. In 2017, certain trends that had already emerged in the global economic landscape became more established. In particular, announcements of potential restrictions on trade and pressures to relocate production to developed countries were confirmed. At the same time, China has taken steps to restrict outflows of foreign direct investment (FDI) in order to align these flows with its strategic plan. Adding to these factors is the expansion of digital technologies, whose international expansion requires smaller investments in tangible assets. Firms in these areas are heavily concentrated in the United States and China, which reduces the need for cross-border mergers and acquisitions.

Название: International Trade Outlook for Latin America and the Caribbean 2017: Recovery in an Uncertain Context
ISBN: 9211219698 ISBN-13(EAN): 9789211219692
Издательство: Mare Nostrum (Eurospan)
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Цена: 45270.00 T
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Описание: Describes the current international context and the recovery of trade in the region; reviews the region`s performance in global trade in services in general and in modern services in particular, since 2005; and provides an overview of Latin America and the Caribbean`s share of the world agricultural trade since 2000.

Название: Economic Survey of Latin America and the Caribbean 2017: Dynamics of the Current Economic Cycle and Policy Challenges for Boosting Investment and Growth
ISBN: 9211219604 ISBN-13(EAN): 9789211219609
Издательство: Mare Nostrum (Eurospan)
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Цена: 95170.00 T
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Описание: The 2017 edition of the Economic Survey of Latin America and the Caribbean has three parts. Part I outlines the region’s economic performance in 2016 and analyses trends in the early months of 2017, as well as the outlook for the rest of the year. It examines external and domestic factors that have influenced the region’s economic performance and draws attention to macroeconomic policy challenges. Part II analyses the characteristics of the current economic cycle in the region (2009-2016) and contrasts it with the two preceding cycles (1990-2001 and 2002-2008). It also identifies and attempts to explain some of the determinants of the cycle and outlines possible strategies for regaining growth. Part III contains notes relating to the economic performance of countries of the region.

Название: Foreign Direct Investment in Latin America and the Caribbean 2017
ISBN: 9211219620 ISBN-13(EAN): 9789211219623
Издательство: Mare Nostrum (Eurospan)
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Цена: 45270.00 T
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Описание: This publication sets out and analyses the main foreign direct investment (FDI) trends in the countries of Latin America and the Caribbean.