The story of Jackie Robinson valiantly breaking baseball’s color barrier in 1947 is one most Americans know. But less recognized is the fact that some seventy years earlier, following the Civil War, baseball was tenuously biracial and had the potential for a truly open game. How, then, did the game become so firmly segregated that it required a trailblazer like Robinson? The answer, Ryan A. Swanson suggests, has everything to do with the politics of “reconciliation” and a wish to avoid the issues of race that an integrated game necessarily raised.
The history of baseball during Reconstruction, as Swanson tells it, is a story of lost opportunities. Thomas Fitzgerald and Octavius Catto (a Philadelphia baseball tandem), for example, were poised to emerge as pioneers of integration in the 1860s. Instead, the desire to create a “national game”—professional and appealing to white northerners and southerners alike—trumped any movement toward civil rights. Focusing on Philadelphia, Washington DC, and Richmond—three cities with large Black populations and thriving baseball clubs—Swanson uncovers the origins of baseball’s segregation and the mechanics of its implementation.
An important piece of sports history, his work also offers a better understanding of Reconstruction, race, and segregation in America.
Автор: Jaime Schultz Название: Moments of Impact: Injury, Racialized Memory, and Reconciliation in College Football ISBN: 0803245785 ISBN-13(EAN): 9780803245785 Издательство: Mare Nostrum (Eurospan) Рейтинг: Цена: 33440.00 T Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ. Описание: In the first half of the twentieth century, Jack Trice, Ozzie Simmons, and Johnny Bright played college football for three Iowa institutions: Iowa State University, the University of Iowa, and Drake University, respectively. At a time when the overwhelming majority of their opponents and teammates were white, the three men, all African American, sustained serious injuries on the gridiron, either because of their talents, their race, or, most likely, because of an ugly combination of the two. Moments of Impact tells their stories and examines how the local communities of which they were once a part have forgotten and remembered those assaults over time. Of particular interest are the ways those memories have manifested in a number of commemorations, including a stadium name, a trophy, and the dedication of a football field. Jaime Schultz focuses on the historical and racial circumstances of the careers of Trice, Simmons, and Bright as well as the processes and politics of cultural memory. Schultz develops the concept of "racialized memory"-a communal form of remembering imbued with racial significance-to suggest that the racial politics of contemporary America have engendered a need to redress historical wrongs, congratulate Americans on the ostensible racial progress they have made, and divert attention from the unrelenting persistence of structural and ideological racism. Jaime Schultz is an associate professor of kinesiology in the History and Philosophy of Sport program at Pennsylvania State University. She is the author of Qualifying Times: Points of Change in U.S. Women's Sport.
Название: Reconciliation after civil wars qu ISBN: 0815351127 ISBN-13(EAN): 9780815351122 Издательство: Taylor&Francis Рейтинг: Цена: 148010.00 T Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ. Описание: How do former enemies reconcile after civil wars? Do they ever really reconcile in any complete sense? How is political reunification related to longer-term cultural reintegration? Bringing together experts on civil wars around the modern world – the United States, Spain, Rwanda, Colombia, Russia, and more - this volume provides comparative and transnational analysis of the challenges that arise in the aftermath of civil war.
Автор: Aimee Craft Название: A Knock on the Door: The Essential History of Residential Schools from the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada ISBN: 0887555403 ISBN-13(EAN): 9780887555404 Издательство: Mare Nostrum (Eurospan) Рейтинг: Цена: 21250.00 T Наличие на складе: Невозможна поставка. Описание: “It can start with a knock on the door one morning. It is the local Indian agent, or the parish priest, or, perhaps, a Mounted Police officer.” So began the school experience of many Indigenous children in Canada for more than a hundred years, and so begins the history of residential schools prepared by the Truth & Reconciliation Commission of Canada (TRC). Between 2008 and 2015, the TRC provided opportunities for individuals, families, and communities to share their experiences of residential schools and released several reports based on 7000 survivor statements and five million documents from government, churches, and schools, as well as a solid grounding in secondary sources. A Knock on the Door, published in collaboration with the National Research Centre for Truth & Reconciliation, gathers material from the several reports the TRC has produced to present the essential history and legacy of residential schools in a concise and accessible package. Survivor and former National Chief of the Assembly First Nations, Phil Fontaine, provides a Foreword, and an Afterword by Aimée Craft introduces the holdings and opportunities of the National Centre for Truth & Reconciliation, home to the archive of recordings, and documents collected by the TRC.
Автор: Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada Название: Canada`s Residential Schools: The History, Part 1, Origins to 1939: The Final Report of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada, Volume 1 ISBN: 0773546502 ISBN-13(EAN): 9780773546509 Издательство: Mare Nostrum (Eurospan) Рейтинг: Цена: 41800.00 T Наличие на складе: Невозможна поставка. Описание: Between 1867 and 2000, the Canadian government sent over 150,000 Aboriginal children to residential schools across the country. Government officials and missionaries agreed that in order to "civilize and Christianize" Aboriginal children, it was necessary to separate them from their parents and their home communities. For children, life in these schools was lonely and alien. Discipline was harsh, and daily life was highly regimented. Aboriginal languages and cultures were denigrated and suppressed. Education and technical training too often gave way to the drudgery of doing the chores necessary to make the schools self-sustaining. Child neglect was institutionalized, and the lack of supervision created situations where students were prey to sexual and physical abusers. Legal action by the schools` former students led to the creation of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada in 2008. The product of over six years of research, the Commission`s final report outlines the history and legacy of the schools, and charts a pathway towards reconciliation. Canada`s Residential Schools: The History, Part 1, Origins to 1939 places Canada`s residential school system in the historical context of European campaigns to colonize and convert Indigenous people throughout the world. In post-Confederation Canada, the government adopted what amounted to a policy of cultural genocide: suppressing spiritual practices, disrupting traditional economies, and imposing new forms of government. Residential schooling quickly became a central element in this policy. The destructive intent of the schools was compounded by chronic underfunding and ongoing conflict between the federal government and the church missionary societies that had been given responsibility for their day-to-day operation. A failure of leadership and resources meant that the schools failed to control the tuberculosis crisis that gripped the schools for much of this period. Alarmed by high death rates, Aboriginal parents often refused to send their children to the schools, leading the government adopt ever more coercive attendance regulations. While parents became subject to ever more punitive regulations, the government did little to regulate discipline, diet, fire safety, or sanitation at the schools. By the period`s end the government was presiding over a nation-wide series of firetraps that had no clear educational goals and were economically dependent on the unpaid labour of underfed and often sickly children.
Автор: Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada Название: Canada`s Residential Schools: The History, Part 1, Origins to 1939: The Final Report of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada, Volume 1 ISBN: 0773546499 ISBN-13(EAN): 9780773546493 Издательство: Mare Nostrum (Eurospan) Рейтинг: Цена: 146300.00 T Наличие на складе: Невозможна поставка. Описание: Between 1867 and 2000, the Canadian government sent over 150,000 Aboriginal children to residential schools across the country. Government officials and missionaries agreed that in order to "civilize and Christianize" Aboriginal children, it was necessary to separate them from their parents and their home communities. For children, life in these schools was lonely and alien. Discipline was harsh, and daily life was highly regimented. Aboriginal languages and cultures were denigrated and suppressed. Education and technical training too often gave way to the drudgery of doing the chores necessary to make the schools self-sustaining. Child neglect was institutionalized, and the lack of supervision created situations where students were prey to sexual and physical abusers. Legal action by the schools` former students led to the creation of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada in 2008. The product of over six years of research, the Commission`s final report outlines the history and legacy of the schools, and charts a pathway towards reconciliation. Canada`s Residential Schools: The History, Part 1, Origins to 1939 places Canada`s residential school system in the historical context of European campaigns to colonize and convert Indigenous people throughout the world. In post-Confederation Canada, the government adopted what amounted to a policy of cultural genocide: suppressing spiritual practices, disrupting traditional economies, and imposing new forms of government. Residential schooling quickly became a central element in this policy. The destructive intent of the schools was compounded by chronic underfunding and ongoing conflict between the federal government and the church missionary societies that had been given responsibility for their day-to-day operation. A failure of leadership and resources meant that the schools failed to control the tuberculosis crisis that gripped the schools for much of this period. Alarmed by high death rates, Aboriginal parents often refused to send their children to the schools, leading the government adopt ever more coercive attendance regulations. While parents became subject to ever more punitive regulations, the government did little to regulate discipline, diet, fire safety, or sanitation at the schools. By the period`s end the government was presiding over a nation-wide series of firetraps that had no clear educational goals and were economically dependent on the unpaid labour of underfed and often sickly children.
Автор: Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada Название: Canada`s Residential Schools: The Metis Experience: The Final Report of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada, Volume 3 ISBN: 0773546553 ISBN-13(EAN): 9780773546554 Издательство: Marston Book Services Рейтинг: Цена: 81840.00 T Наличие на складе: Невозможна поставка. Описание: Between 1867 and 2000, the Canadian government sent over 150,000 Aboriginal children to residential schools across the country. Government officials and missionaries agreed that in order to "civilize and Christianize" Aboriginal children, it was necessary to separate them from their parents and their home communities. For children, life in these schools was lonely and alien. Discipline was harsh, and daily life was highly regimented. Aboriginal languages and cultures were denigrated and suppressed. Education and technical training too often gave way to the drudgery of doing the chores necessary to make the schools self-sustaining. Child neglect was institutionalized, and the lack of supervision created situations where students were prey to sexual and physical abusers. Legal action by the schools` former students led to the creation of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada in 2008. The product of over six years of research, the Commission`s final report outlines the history and legacy of the schools, and charts a pathway towards reconciliation. Canada`s Residential Schools: The Metis Experience focuses on an often-overlooked element of Canada`s residential school history. Canada`s residential school system was a partnership between the federal government and the churches. Since the churches wished to convert as many Aboriginal children as possible, they had no objection to admitting Metis children. At Saint-Paul-des-Metis in Alberta, Roman Catholic missionaries established a residential school specifically for Metis children in the early twentieth century, while the Anglicans opened hostels for Metis children in the Yukon in the 1920s and the 1950s. The federal government policy on providing schooling to Metis children was subject to constant change. It viewed the Metis as members of the `dangerous classes,` whom the residential schools were intended to civilize and assimilate. This view led to the adoption of policies that allowed for the admission of Metis children at various times. However, from a jurisdictional perspective, the federal government believed that the responsibility for educating and assimilating Metis people lay with provincial and territorial governments. When this view dominated, Indian agents were often instructed to remove Metis children from residential schools. Because provincial and territorial governments were reluctant to provide services to Metis people, many Metis parents who wished to see their children educated in schools had no option but to try to have them accepted into a residential school. As provincial governments slowly began to provide increased educational services to Metis students after the Second World War, Metis children lived in residences and residential schools that were either run or funded by provincial governments. As this volume demonstrates the Metis experience of residential schooling in Canada is long and complex, involving not only the federal government and the churches, but provincial and territorial governments. Much remains to be done to identify and redress the impact that these schools had on Metis children, their families, and their community.
Автор: Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada Название: Canada`s Residential Schools: The Metis Experience: The Final Report of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada, Volume 3 ISBN: 0773546561 ISBN-13(EAN): 9780773546561 Издательство: Mare Nostrum (Eurospan) Рейтинг: Цена: 19190.00 T Наличие на складе: Невозможна поставка. Описание: Between 1867 and 2000, the Canadian government sent over 150,000 Aboriginal children to residential schools across the country. Government officials and missionaries agreed that in order to "civilize and Christianize" Aboriginal children, it was necessary to separate them from their parents and their home communities. For children, life in these schools was lonely and alien. Discipline was harsh, and daily life was highly regimented. Aboriginal languages and cultures were denigrated and suppressed. Education and technical training too often gave way to the drudgery of doing the chores necessary to make the schools self-sustaining. Child neglect was institutionalized, and the lack of supervision created situations where students were prey to sexual and physical abusers. Legal action by the schools` former students led to the creation of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada in 2008. The product of over six years of research, the Commission`s final report outlines the history and legacy of the schools, and charts a pathway towards reconciliation. Canada`s Residential Schools: The Metis Experience focuses on an often-overlooked element of Canada`s residential school history. Canada`s residential school system was a partnership between the federal government and the churches. Since the churches wished to convert as many Aboriginal children as possible, they had no objection to admitting Metis children. At Saint-Paul-des-Metis in Alberta, Roman Catholic missionaries established a residential school specifically for Metis children in the early twentieth century, while the Anglicans opened hostels for Metis children in the Yukon in the 1920s and the 1950s. The federal government policy on providing schooling to Metis children was subject to constant change. It viewed the Metis as members of the `dangerous classes,` whom the residential schools were intended to civilize and assimilate. This view led to the adoption of policies that allowed for the admission of Metis children at various times. However, from a jurisdictional perspective, the federal government believed that the responsibility for educating and assimilating Metis people lay with provincial and territorial governments. When this view dominated, Indian agents were often instructed to remove Metis children from residential schools. Because provincial and territorial governments were reluctant to provide services to Metis people, many Metis parents who wished to see their children educated in schools had no option but to try to have them accepted into a residential school. As provincial governments slowly began to provide increased educational services to Metis students after the Second World War, Metis children lived in residences and residential schools that were either run or funded by provincial governments. As this volume demonstrates the Metis experience of residential schooling in Canada is long and complex, involving not only the federal government and the churches, but provincial and territorial governments. Much remains to be done to identify and redress the impact that these schools had on Metis children, their families, and their community.
Автор: Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada Название: Canada`s Residential Schools: Missing Children and Unmarked Burials: The Final Report of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada, Volume 4 ISBN: 077354657X ISBN-13(EAN): 9780773546578 Издательство: Mare Nostrum (Eurospan) Рейтинг: Цена: 96140.00 T Наличие на складе: Невозможна поставка. Описание: Between 1867 and 2000, the Canadian government sent over 150,000 Aboriginal children to residential schools across the country. Government officials and missionaries agreed that in order to "civilize and Christianize" Aboriginal children, it was necessary to separate them from their parents and their home communities. For children, life in these schools was lonely and alien. Discipline was harsh, and daily life was highly regimented. Aboriginal languages and cultures were denigrated and suppressed. Education and technical training too often gave way to the drudgery of doing the chores necessary to make the schools self-sustaining. Child neglect was institutionalized, and the lack of supervision created situations where students were prey to sexual and physical abusers. Legal action by the schools` former students led to the creation of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada in 2008. The product of over six years of research, the Commission`s final report outlines the history and legacy of the schools, and charts a pathway towards reconciliation. Canada`s Residential Schools: Missing Children and Unmarked Burials is the first systematic effort to record and analyze deaths at the schools, and the presence and condition of student cemeteries, within the regulatory context in which the schools were intended to operate. As part of its work the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada established a National Residential School Student Death Register. Due to gaps in the available data, the register is far from complete. Although the actual number of deaths is believed to be far higher, 3,200 residential school victims have been identified. The analysis also demonstrates that residential school death rates were significantly higher than those for the general Canadian school-aged population. The failure to establish and enforce adequate standards of care, coupled with the failure to adequately fund the schools, resulted in unnecessarily high death rates at residential schools. Senior government and church officials were well aware of the schools` ongoing failure to provide adequate levels of custodial care. Children who died at the schools were rarely sent back to their home community. They were usually buried in school or nearby mission cemeteries. As the schools and missions closed, these cemeteries were abandoned. While in a number of instances Aboriginal communities, churches, and former staff have taken steps to rehabilitate cemeteries and commemorate the individuals buried there, most of these cemeteries are now disused and vulnerable to accidental disturbance. In the face of this abandonment, the TRC is proposing the development of a national strategy for the documentation, maintenance, commemoration, and protection of residential school cemeteries.
Автор: Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada Название: Canada`s Residential Schools: Missing Children and Unmarked Burials: The Final Report of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada, Volume 4 ISBN: 0773546588 ISBN-13(EAN): 9780773546585 Издательство: Mare Nostrum (Eurospan) Рейтинг: Цена: 29220.00 T Наличие на складе: Невозможна поставка. Описание: Between 1867 and 2000, the Canadian government sent over 150,000 Aboriginal children to residential schools across the country. Government officials and missionaries agreed that in order to "civilize and Christianize" Aboriginal children, it was necessary to separate them from their parents and their home communities. For children, life in these schools was lonely and alien. Discipline was harsh, and daily life was highly regimented. Aboriginal languages and cultures were denigrated and suppressed. Education and technical training too often gave way to the drudgery of doing the chores necessary to make the schools self-sustaining. Child neglect was institutionalized, and the lack of supervision created situations where students were prey to sexual and physical abusers. Legal action by the schools` former students led to the creation of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada in 2008. The product of over six years of research, the Commission`s final report outlines the history and legacy of the schools, and charts a pathway towards reconciliation. Canada`s Residential Schools: Missing Children and Unmarked Burials is the first systematic effort to record and analyze deaths at the schools, and the presence and condition of student cemeteries, within the regulatory context in which the schools were intended to operate. As part of its work the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada established a National Residential School Student Death Register. Due to gaps in the available data, the register is far from complete. Although the actual number of deaths is believed to be far higher, 3,200 residential school victims have been identified. The analysis also demonstrates that residential school death rates were significantly higher than those for the general Canadian school-aged population. The failure to establish and enforce adequate standards of care, coupled with the failure to adequately fund the schools, resulted in unnecessarily high death rates at residential schools. Senior government and church officials were well aware of the schools` ongoing failure to provide adequate levels of custodial care. Children who died at the schools were rarely sent back to their home community. They were usually buried in school or nearby mission cemeteries. As the schools and missions closed, these cemeteries were abandoned. While in a number of instances Aboriginal communities, churches, and former staff have taken steps to rehabilitate cemeteries and commemorate the individuals buried there, most of these cemeteries are now disused and vulnerable to accidental disturbance. In the face of this abandonment, the TRC is proposing the development of a national strategy for the documentation, maintenance, commemoration, and protection of residential school cemeteries.
Автор: Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada Название: Canada`s Residential Schools: The Legacy: The Final Report of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada, Volume 5 ISBN: 0773546596 ISBN-13(EAN): 9780773546592 Издательство: Mare Nostrum (Eurospan) Рейтинг: Цена: 104500.00 T Наличие на складе: Невозможна поставка. Описание: Between 1867 and 2000, the Canadian government sent over 150,000 Aboriginal children to residential schools across the country. Government officials and missionaries agreed that in order to "civilize and Christianize" Aboriginal children, it was necessary to separate them from their parents and their home communities. For children, life in these schools was lonely and alien. Discipline was harsh, and daily life was highly regimented. Aboriginal languages and cultures were denigrated and suppressed. Education and technical training too often gave way to the drudgery of doing the chores necessary to make the schools self-sustaining. Child neglect was institutionalized, and the lack of supervision created situations where students were prey to sexual and physical abusers. Legal action by the schools` former students led to the creation of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada in 2008. The product of over six years of research, the Commission`s final report outlines the history and legacy of the schools, and charts a pathway towards reconciliation. Canada`s Residential Schools: The Legacy describes what Canada must do to overcome the schools` tragic legacy and move towards reconciliation with the country`s first peoples. For over 125 years Aboriginal children suffered abuse and neglect in residential schools run by the Canadian government and by churches. They were taken from their families and communities and confined in large, frightening institutions where they were cut off from their culture and punished for speaking their own language. Infectious diseases claimed the lives of many students and those who survived lived in harsh and alienating conditions. There was little compassion and little education in most of Canada`s residential schools. Although Canada has formally apologized for the residential school system and has compensated its Survivors, the damaging legacy of the schools continues to this day. This volume examines the long shadow that the residential schools have cast over the lives of Aboriginal Canadians who are more likely to live in poverty, more likely to be in ill health and die sooner, more likely to have their children taken from them, and more likely to be imprisoned than other Canadians. The disappearance of many Indigenous languages and the erosion of cultural traditions and languages also have their roots in residential schools.
Автор: Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada Название: Canada`s Residential Schools: The Legacy: The Final Report of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada, Volume 5 ISBN: 077354660X ISBN-13(EAN): 9780773546608 Издательство: Mare Nostrum (Eurospan) Рейтинг: Цена: 31730.00 T Наличие на складе: Невозможна поставка. Описание: Between 1867 and 2000, the Canadian government sent over 150,000 Aboriginal children to residential schools across the country. Government officials and missionaries agreed that in order to "civilize and Christianize" Aboriginal children, it was necessary to separate them from their parents and their home communities. For children, life in these schools was lonely and alien. Discipline was harsh, and daily life was highly regimented. Aboriginal languages and cultures were denigrated and suppressed. Education and technical training too often gave way to the drudgery of doing the chores necessary to make the schools self-sustaining. Child neglect was institutionalized, and the lack of supervision created situations where students were prey to sexual and physical abusers. Legal action by the schools` former students led to the creation of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada in 2008. The product of over six years of research, the Commission`s final report outlines the history and legacy of the schools, and charts a pathway towards reconciliation. Canada`s Residential Schools: The Legacy describes what Canada must do to overcome the schools` tragic legacy and move towards reconciliation with the country`s first peoples. For over 125 years Aboriginal children suffered abuse and neglect in residential schools run by the Canadian government and by churches. They were taken from their families and communities and confined in large, frightening institutions where they were cut off from their culture and punished for speaking their own language. Infectious diseases claimed the lives of many students and those who survived lived in harsh and alienating conditions. There was little compassion and little education in most of Canada`s residential schools. Although Canada has formally apologized for the residential school system and has compensated its Survivors, the damaging legacy of the schools continues to this day. This volume examines the long shadow that the residential schools have cast over the lives of Aboriginal Canadians who are more likely to live in poverty, more likely to be in ill health and die sooner, more likely to have their children taken from them, and more likely to be imprisoned than other Canadians. The disappearance of many Indigenous languages and the erosion of cultural traditions and languages also have their roots in residential schools.
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