Evidentials and Modals, 

Автор: Bergqvist, Henrik & Kittil?, Seppo
Название: Evidentiality, egophoricity and engagement
ISBN: 3961102708 ISBN-13(EAN): 9783961102709
Издательство: Неизвестно
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Цена: 43120.00 T
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Описание: The expression of knowledge in language (i.e. epistemicity) consists of a number of distinct notions and proposed categories that are only partly related to a well explored forms like epistemic modals. The aim of the volume is therefore to contribute to the ongoing exploration of epistemic marking systems in lesser-documented languages from the Americas, Papua New Guinea, and Central Asia from the perspective of language description and cross-linguistic comparison. As the title of the volume suggests, part of this exploration consists of situating already established notions (such as evidentiality) with the diversity of systems found in individual languages. Epistemic forms that feature in the present volume include ones that singal how speakers claim knowledge based on perceptual-cognitive access (evidentials); the speaker's involvement as a basis for claiming epistemic authority (egophorics); the distribution of knowledge between the speech-participants where the speaker signals assumptions about the addressee's knowledge of an event as either shared, or non-shared with the speaker (engagement marking).

Автор: Ahmed Arif
Название: Evidential Decision Theory
ISBN: 1108713394 ISBN-13(EAN): 9781108713399
Издательство: Cambridge University Press
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Цена: 29970.00 T
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Описание: Evidential Decision Theory is a radical theory of rational decision-making. It recommends that instead of thinking about what your decisions *cause*, you should think about what they *reveal*. This Element explains in simple terms why thinking in this way makes a big difference, and argues that doing so makes for *better* decisions.

Автор: Junwei Bai
Название: Typological Study of Evidentiality in Qiangic Languages
ISBN: 9004526269 ISBN-13(EAN): 9789004526266
Издательство: Brill
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Цена: 51800.00 T
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Описание: This is the first in-depth typological research into how the grammatical encoding of information source, that is, evidentiality, functions in Qiangic languages.

Автор: Gemma Turton
Название: Evidential Uncertainty in Causation in Negligence
ISBN: 1849467048 ISBN-13(EAN): 9781849467049
Издательство: Bloomsbury Academic
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Цена: 89760.00 T
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Описание: This book undertakes an analysis of academic and judicial responses to the problem of evidential uncertainty in causation in negligence. It seeks to bring clarity to what has become a notoriously complex area by adopting a clear approach to the function of the doctrine of causation within a corrective justice-based account of negligence liability. It first explores basic causal models and issues of proof, including the role of statistical and epidemiological evidence, in order to isolate the problem of evidential uncertainty more precisely. Application of Richard Wright's NESS test to a range of English caselaw shows it to be more comprehensive than the 'but for' test that currently dominates, thereby reducing the need to resort to additional tests, such as the Wardlaw test of material contribution to harm, whose scope and meaning are uncertain. The book builds on this foundation to explore the solution to a range of problems of evidential uncertainty, focusing on the Fairchild principle and the idea of risk as damage, as well as the notion of loss of a chance in medical negligence which is often seen as analogous with 'increase in risk', in an attempt to bring coherence to this area of the law. (Series: Hart Studies in Private Law) Subject: Contract Law, Tort Law, Commercial Law, Restitution Law, Legal Philosophy]

Автор: Lauren Gawne, Nathan W. Hill
Название: Evidential Systems of Tibetan Languages
ISBN: 3110460181 ISBN-13(EAN): 9783110460186
Издательство: Walter de Gruyter
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Цена: 123910.00 T
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Описание:

This edited volume brings together work on the evidential systems of
Tibetan languages. This includes diachronic research, synchronic
description of systems in individual Tibetan varieties and papers
addressing broader theoretical or typological questions. Evidentiality in
Tibetan languages interacts with other features of modality,
interactional context and speaker knowledge states in ways that provide
important perspectives for typologists and our general understanding of
evidential systems. This book provides the first sustained attempt to
capture this complexity and diversity from both a synchronic and
diachronic perspective.

Автор: Hennemann, Anja
Название: Context-sensitive and functional approach to evidentiality in spanish or why evidentiality needs a superordinate category
ISBN: 3631626363 ISBN-13(EAN): 9783631626368
Издательство: Peter Lang
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Цена: 105990.00 T
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Описание: This study analyses the Spanish linguistic means that are used to convey evidential meanings. As evidentiality is - at least in Spanish - a linguistic category that overlaps with other semantic-functional categories, it is argued that the superordinate category speaker`s perspectivisation should be used for these categories.

Автор: Scott Aikin
Название: Evidentialism and the Will to Believe
ISBN: 1474265839 ISBN-13(EAN): 9781474265836
Издательство: Bloomsbury Academic
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Цена: 40120.00 T
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Описание: Work on the norms of belief in epistemology regularly starts with two touchstone essays: W.K. Clifford's "The Ethics of Belief" and William James's "The Will to Believe." Discussing the central themes from these seminal essays, Evidentialism and the Will to Believe explores the history of the ideas governing evidentialism. As well as Clifford's argument from the examples of the shipowner, the consequences of credulity and his defence against skepticism, this book tackles James's conditions for a genuine option and the structure of the will to believe case as a counter-example to Clifford's evidentialism. Exploring the question of whether James's case successfully counters Clifford's evidentialist rule for belief, this study captures the debate between those who hold that one should proportion belief to evidence and those who hold that the evidentialist norm is too restrictive. More than a sustained explication of the essays, it also surveys recent epistemological arguments to evidentialism. But it is by bringing Clifford and James into fruitful conversation for the first time that this study presents a clearer history of the issues and provides an important reconstruction of the notion of evidence in contemporary epistemology.

Автор: Aikhenvald, Alexandra Y.
Название: The Oxford Handbook of Evidentiality
ISBN: 0198759517 ISBN-13(EAN): 9780198759515
Издательство: Oxford Academ
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Цена: 126720.00 T
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Описание: This volume offers a systematic crosslinguistic account of evidentiality, the linguistic encoding of the source of information on which a statement is based. It explores a range of topics relating to evidentiality and provides case studies from a variety of language families as diverse as Algonquian, Korean, and Uralic.

Автор: Bjorn Wiemer, Juana I. Marin-Arrese
Название: Evidential Marking in European Languages: Toward a Unitary Comparative Account
ISBN: 3110726017 ISBN-13(EAN): 9783110726015
Издательство: Walter de Gruyter
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Цена: 166060.00 T
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Описание: 'Studia typologica' ist der Titel der Beihefte zur Zeitschrift 'Sprachtypologie und Universalienforschung/Language Typology and Universals (STUF)'. In den 'Studia typologica' werden Beitrage veroffentlicht, die den hochsten wissenschaftlichen Standards genugen und wissenschaftlich vielversprechende neue Themen im Bereich der allgemein-vergleichenden Sprachwissenschaft ansprechen. Insbesondere empirisch gut fundierte Beitrage mit crosslinguistischer Orientierung, die neue Problemstellungen auf innovative Art prasentieren, sind in den 'Studia typologica' willkommen. Die Beiheftereihe unterstutzt nachdrucklich Studien zu weniger gut erforschten Sprachen und/oder Phanomenen. Von gro?em Interesse fur die 'Studia typologica' sind auch areal-typologische Arbeiten sowie Beitrage, die sich dem Zusammenspiel von Sprachkontakt und Sprachtypologie widmen. Die 'Studia typologica' sind theorie- und modellubergreifend als Forum fur typologisch ausgerichtete Forschungsarbeiten gedacht. Die Beihefte umfassen sowohl Monographien als auch thematisch homogene Sammelbande. Alle eingehenden Manuskripte werden begutachtet (double blind). Die Publikationssprache ist Englisch. 'Studia typological' is the companion series of the journal 'Sprachtypologie und Universalienforschung/Language Typology and Universals (STUF)'. 'Studia typological' publishes scholarly studies of high quality dedicated to promising new topics in the realm of general-comparative linguistics. The series welcomes especially contributions which argue on a solid empirical foundation, have a cross-linguistic orientation and raise new issues which are addressed in innovative ways. The series encourages work on understudied languages and understudied phenomena. 'Studia typological' is interested also in areal-typological studies and research on the interface of language contact and language typology. 'Studia typological' is meant as a forum for typologically minded investigations independent of the school of thought the authors adhere to. Monographs as well as collections of articles (sharing a common theme) are published in this series. All manuscripts are peer-reviewed (double blind). The language of publication is English.

Название: Aspects of Tenses, Modality, and Evidentiality
ISBN: 9004465855 ISBN-13(EAN): 9789004465855
Издательство: Brill
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Цена: 144780.00 T
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Описание: If there’s a domain in linguistics which complexity calls for ever further research, it’s clearly that of tense, aspect, modality and evidentiality, often referred to as ‘TAME’. The reason for which these domains of investigation have been connected so tightly as to deserve a common label is that their actual intertwining is so dense that one can hardly measure their effects purely individually, without regard to the other notions of the spectrum. On the other hand, despite their imbrications, tense, aspect, modality and evidentiality remain – needless to say – separate theoretical entities. The papers gathered in this volume cover a range of issues and a variety of methods that help delineate, each in its way, new perspectives on this broad domain.

Название: Evidentiality and modality in european languages
ISBN: 3034324375 ISBN-13(EAN): 9783034324373
Издательство: Peter Lang
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Цена: 131670.00 T
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Evidentiality and Modality in European Languages focuses on discourse-pragmatic studies on the domains of evidentiality and epistemic modality, and also includes studies on deontic modality. The book presents ground-breaking research on the functions and the discourse-pragmatic variation of evidential expressions and modals in diverse discourses and genres, applying corpus-based methodologies. It offers unique features regarding content, usage and methodology, and comparative studies. The comparative viewpoint is addressed in contributions which provide a usage-based cross-linguistic account of the expression of evidentiality and modality in various European languages (English, French, Italian, Romanian and Spanish). The contributions are representative of the work on evidentiality and modality in European languages carried out in a substantial number of countries, Finland, France, Germany, Japan, Netherlands, Romania, Spain and Sweden.

Автор: Juana I. Marin-Arrese, Marta Carretero, Jorge Arus Hita, Johan van der Auwera
Название: English Modality: Core, Periphery and Evidentiality
ISBN: 3110286335 ISBN-13(EAN): 9783110286335
Издательство: Walter de Gruyter
Цена: 185890.00 T
Наличие на складе: Невозможна поставка.
Описание: The book presents new issues and areas of work in Modality and Evidentiality in English(es), and in relation to other languages. The volume addresses issues such as the conceptual nature of modality, the relationship between the domains of modality and evidentiality, the evolution and current status of the modal auxiliaries and other modal expressions, the relationship with neighbouring grammatical categories (TAM systems), and the variation in different discourse domains and genres, in modelling stance and discourse identities.