Mass atrocities, the responsibility to protect and the future of human rights, Adams, Simon
: Adams Simon : Mass Atrocities, the Responsibility to Protect and the Future of Human Rights: `If Not Now, When?` ISBN: 0367551284 ISBN-13(EAN): 9780367551285 : Taylor&Francis : : 148010.00 T : . : The book ambitiously weaves together history and politics to explain all of the major situations where mass atrocities have occurred, or been prevented, over the 15 years since R2P was adopted at the 2005 UN World Summit.
Since the end of World War II and the founding of the United Nations, genocide, crimes against humanity and other war crimes—mass atrocities—have been explicitly illegal. When such crimes are committed, the international community has an obligation to respond: the human rights of the victims outweigh the sovereignty claims of states that engage in or allow such human rights violations. This obligation has come to be known as the responsibility to protect. Yet, parallel to this responsibility, two other related responsibilities have developed: to prosecute those responsible for the crimes, and to provide humanitarian relief to the victims—what the author calls the responsibility to palliate. Even though this rhetoric of protecting those in need is well used by the international community, its application in practice has been erratic at best. In International Responses to Mass Atrocities in Africa, Kurt Mills develops a typology of responses to mass atrocities, investigates the limitations of these responses, and calls for such responses to be implemented in a more timely and thoughtful manner. Mills considers four cases of international responses to mass atrocities—in Rwanda, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Uganda, and Darfur—putting the cases into historical context and analyzing them according to the typology, showing how the responses interact. Although all are intended to address human suffering, they are very different types of actions and accomplish different things, over different timescales, on different orders of magnitude, and by very different types of actors. But the critical question is whether they accomplish their objectives in a mutually supportive way—and what the trade-offs in using one or more of these responses may be. By expanding the understanding of international responsibilities, Mills provides critical analysis of the possibilities for the international community to respond to humanitarian crises.
Events of the last decade demand new approaches to atrocity prevention that are adaptable, innovative and independent of a state-centered doctrine. With the aim of reducing risk factors such as civil war, Ackerman and Merriman argue for a new normative framework called The Right to Assist (RtoA), which would strengthen international coordination and support for nonviolent civil resistance campaigns demanding rights, freedom and justice against non-democratic rule.
RtoA would:
1. engage a wide range of stakeholders such as NGOs, states, multilateral institutions and others;
2. bolster various factors of resilience against state fragility; and
3. incentivize opposition groups to sustain commitment to nonviolent strategies of change.
The adoption of this doctrine can reduce the probability of violent conflict that significantly heightens atrocity risk, while increasing the prospects for constructive human development.
: Genocide and mass atrocities in asia ISBN: 1138573906 ISBN-13(EAN): 9781138573901 : Taylor&Francis : : 46950.00 T : . : The twentieth century has been labelled the `century of genocide`, and according to estimates, more than 250 million civilians were victims of genocide and mass atrocities during this period. This book provides one of the first regional perspectives on mass atrocities in Asia, by exploring the issue through two central themes.
: Policies and practices for preventing mass atrocities ISBN: 1138956007 ISBN-13(EAN): 9781138956001 : Taylor&Francis : : 148010.00 T : . : The volume examines historical cases to understand the general causes and process of mass violence and genocide and also engages with on-going genocidal crises including Darfur and Syria, as well as other forms of related violence such as terrorism and civil conflict.
: Harff Barbara : Preventing Mass Atrocities ISBN: 1138956023 ISBN-13(EAN): 9781138956025 : Taylor&Francis : : 40820.00 T : . : The volume examines historical cases to understand the general causes and process of mass violence and genocide and also engages with on-going genocidal crises including Darfur and Syria, as well as other forms of related violence such as terrorism and civil conflict.
: Bellamy Alex J. : East Asia`s Other Miracle: Explaining the Decline of Mass Atrocities ISBN: 0198777930 ISBN-13(EAN): 9780198777939 : Oxford Academ : : 108240.00 T : . : Mass atrocities were once a common occurrence in East Asia. Yet, over the past three decades, mass atrocities have declined in East Asia to the point of near elimination. This book explains how and why.
: Historical Dialogue and the Prevention of Mass Atrocities ISBN: 0367438275 ISBN-13(EAN): 9780367438272 : Taylor&Francis : : 122490.00 T : . : This book brings together a diverse range of international voices from academia, policymaking and civil society to connect historical dialogue with atrocity prevention discourse and provide insight into how conflict histories and historical memory act as dynamic forces, actively facilitating or deterring current and future conflict.
: Anderton Charles H., Brauer Jurgen : Economic Aspects of Genocides, Other Mass Atrocities, and Their Prevention ISBN: 0199378290 ISBN-13(EAN): 9780199378296 : Oxford Academ : : 134640.00 T : . : Alongside other types of mass atrocities, genocide has received extensive scholarly, policy, and practitioner attention. Missing, however, is the contribution of economists to better understand and prevent such crimes. This edited collection by 41 accomplished scholars examines economic aspects of genocides, other mass atrocities, and their prevention. Chapters include numerous case studies (e.g., California's Yana people, Australia's Aborigines peoples, Stalin's killing of Ukrainians, Belarus, the Holocaust, Rwanda, DR Congo, Indonesia, Pakistan, Colombia, Mexico's drug wars, and the targeting of suspects during the Vietnam war), probing literature reviews, and completely novel work based on extraordinary country-specific datasets. Also included are chapters on the demographic, gendered, and economic class nature of genocide. Replete with research- and policy-relevant findings, new insights are derived from behavioral economics, law and economics, political economy, macroeconomic modeling, microeconomics, development economics, industrial organization, identity economics, and other fields. Analytical approaches include constrained optimization theory, game theory, and sophisticated statistical work in data-mining, econometrics, and forecasting. A foremost finding of the book concerns atrocity architects' purposeful, strategic use of violence, often manipulating nonrational proclivities among ordinary people to sway their participation in mass murder. Relatively understudied in the literature, the book also analyzes the options of victims before, during, and after mass violence. Further, the book shows how well-intended prevention efforts can backfire and increase violence, how wrong post-genocide design can entrench vested interests to reinforce exclusion of vulnerable peoples, and how businesses can become complicit in genocide. In addition to the necessity of healthy opportunities in employment, education, and key sectors in prevention work, the book shows why new genocide prevention laws and institutions must be based on reformulated incentives that consider insights from law and economics, behavioral economics, and collective action economics.
: Olusanya Olaoluwa : Emotions, Decision-making and Mass Atrocities ISBN: 1472431030 ISBN-13(EAN): 9781472431035 : Taylor&Francis : : 153120.00 T : . : Within sociology and criminology the dominant view is that genocide and other mass atrocities are committed by technologically-lobotomized perpetrators. Somehow the process of rationalization is believed to have transformed these people from emotionally healthy people into hollow soulless shells of human beings or zombies.
: Roff Heather M. : Global Justice, Kant and the Responsibility to Protect: A Provisional Duty ISBN: 1138856339 ISBN-13(EAN): 9781138856332 : Taylor&Francis : : 46950.00 T : . : This book provides an innovative contribution to the study of the Responsibility to Protect (R2P) and Kantian political theory, and in so doing attempts to move the debate about R2P beyond the traditional objections of case selectivity and political will to act.
: Mark Busser : Ethics, Obligation and the Responsibility to Protect: Contesting the Global Power Relations of Accountability ISBN: 1138341223 ISBN-13(EAN): 9781138341227 : Taylor&Francis : : 148010.00 T : . : This book critically examines arguments about `obligation` and `responsibility` in relation to the Responsibility to Protect (RtoP) and situates it within wider moral argumentation concerning the role of culpability, answerability, and human rights in international affairs.
