Universe in a helium droplet, Volovik, Grigory E. (low Temperature Laboratory, Helsinki University Of Technology, Finland, And Landau Institute For Theoretical Physics, Moscow, Rus

Автор: Arnold Frohn; Norbert Roth
Название: Dynamics of Droplets
ISBN: 3642085164 ISBN-13(EAN): 9783642085161
Издательство: Springer
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Цена: 156720.00 T
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Описание: The book deals with the dynamical behaviour of single droplets and regular droplet systems. It has been written mainly for experimental researchers. After a short description of the theoretical background, the different experimental facilities and methods necessary for the investigation of single droplets are described in detail.

Автор: Fritz Scholz; Uwe Schr?der; Rubin Gulaboski; Anton
Название: Electrochemistry of Immobilized Particles and Droplets
ISBN: 3319330438 ISBN-13(EAN): 9783319330433
Издательство: Springer
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Цена: 104480.00 T
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Описание: It also features the specific potential of the techniques to use immobilized particles (for studies of solid materials) and of immobilized droplets of immiscible liquids for the purpose of studying the three-phase electrochemistry of these liquids. This also includes studies of ion transfer between aqueous and immiscible non-aqueous liquids.

Автор: Arnold Frohn; Norbert Roth
Название: Dynamics of Droplets
ISBN: 3540658874 ISBN-13(EAN): 9783540658870
Издательство: Springer
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Цена: 156720.00 T
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Описание: The book deals with the dynamical behaviour of single droplets and regular droplet systems. It has been written mainly for experimental researchers. After a short description of the theoretical background, the different experimental facilities and methods necessary for the investigation of single droplets are described in detail.

Автор: Fritz Scholz; Uwe Schr?der; Rubin Gulaboski; Anton
Название: Electrochemistry of Immobilized Particles and Droplets
ISBN: 3319108425 ISBN-13(EAN): 9783319108421
Издательство: Springer
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Цена: 121890.00 T
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Описание: It also features the specific potential of the techniques to use immobilized particles (for studies of solid materials) and of immobilized droplets of immiscible liquids for the purpose of studying the three-phase electrochemistry of these liquids. This also includes studies of ion transfer between aqueous and immiscible non-aqueous liquids.

Автор: Gregor Posnjak
Название: Topological Formations in Chiral Nematic Droplets
ISBN: 3030074757 ISBN-13(EAN): 9783030074753
Издательство: Springer
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Цена: 93160.00 T
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Описание: In this book Gregor Posnjak unravels the long-standing mystery of the internal director structure of chiral nematic droplets, which has been studied both experimentally and theoretically since the 1970s. To do so, he develops a new method for the reconstruction of director fields from a set of fluorescent confocal polarising microscopy images, which he augments with a simulated annealing algorithm. This allows the full reconstruction of 3D director fields, describing the ordering of the liquid crystal. The reconstruction procedure and its principles, which are applicable to other methods of studying vector fields, are explained in detail. The method is subsequently used to explore complex 3D structures in chiral nematic liquid crystal droplets with perpendicular surface anchoring. Twentyfour distinct states are identified and presented, including the layered structures of different symmetries and states with multiple topological point defects, separated by localized chiral structures. In closing, the book reports on the first observation of topological point defects with higher topological charges q = ?2 and q = ?3.

Автор: Giorgio Benedek; E. Hulpke; V. Celli; G. Comsa; R.
Название: Helium Atom Scattering from Surfaces
ISBN: 3642081150 ISBN-13(EAN): 9783642081156
Издательство: Springer
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Цена: 87060.00 T
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Описание: Theindividual chapters - all written by experts in the field -are devoted to the investigation of surface structure,defect shapes and concentrations, the interaction potential,collective and localized surface vibrations at low energies,phase transitions and surface diffusion.

Автор: Giorgio Benedek; E. Hulpke; V. Celli; G. Comsa; R.
Название: Helium Atom Scattering from Surfaces
ISBN: 3540546057 ISBN-13(EAN): 9783540546054
Издательство: Springer
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Цена: 95770.00 T
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Описание: High resolution helium atom scattering can be applied to study a number of interesting properties of solid surfaces with great sensitivity and accuracy. This book treats experimental and theoretical aspects of this method as well as various applications in surface science. It is suitable for surface scientists.

Автор: W. E. Keller
Название: Helium-3 and Helium-4
ISBN: 1489962328 ISBN-13(EAN): 9781489962324
Издательство: Springer
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Цена: 95770.00 T
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Автор: Lowther Rex
Название: Monte Carlo Calculation of the Born-Oppenheimer Potential Between Two Helium Atoms
ISBN: 0530007738 ISBN-13(EAN): 9780530007731
Издательство: Неизвестно
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Цена: 114030.00 T
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Описание: Abstract:

The results of the calculations of extremely accurate wave functions for the ground state of two helium atoms, including energies obtained from these wave functions, are presented herein. These energies provide a variational upper bound to the Born-Oppenheimer potential curve for this system. The necessary expectation values were calculated by biased Monte Carlo techniques at seven internuclear distances. The energy obtained from the trial wave function at the potential minimum is -11.6149685 0.0000030 Ry giving a well depth of -7.10 0.30 x 10 -5 Ry at the nuclear separation distance of 5.6 Bohr radii (a"). It is estimated that this energy is above the energy of the exact wave function by no more than 1.8 x 10 -6 Ry. The extremely small Monte Carlo standard deviation (a) of 3.0 x 10 Ry was made possible through a combination of the three factors: 1. Evaluation of the integrands for many (over 10 ) Monte Carlo points. For the seven internuclear distances this took a total of about 50 hours of CPU time on an Amdahl 47 0/V6.

2. Monte Carlo methods (which allowed for analytic removal of all singularities) for finding good weight function.

3. The extremely accurate wave functions reported herein.

These wave functions, in fact, were found by minimizing, rather than the energy (), the standard deviation in this energy (a) which is zero for a perfect wave function. This enabled us to optimize the set of values for the 2 9 variational parameters by using very few Monte Carlo points and, therefore, made this step financially feasible.

Monte Carlo evaluation of the integrals allows total freedom to choose a natural and concise expansion for the wave functions. The wave functions used combine Schwartz's 189-term Hylleraas-type atomic wave function with molecular terms containing dipole-dipole, dipole-quadrupole, and further terms in the expansion of the interatomic potential energy.

The Born-Oppenheimer potential curve found in this work is in rough agreement with the experimental results of Burgmans, Farrar, and Lee (BFL) . The greatest departure is at the nuclear separation distance of 5.6 ab, where the potential found is 1.3a below the BFL result of -6.70 Ry. Therefore the upper bound found herein should be considered to be in agreement with the BFL potential curve with just a hint that the exact curve is deeper than the BFL curve.

Dissertation Discovery Company and University of Florida are dedicated to making scholarly works more discoverable and accessible throughout the world. This dissertation, "Monte Carlo Calculation of the Born-Oppenheimer Potential Between Two Helium Atoms" by Rex Everett Lowther, was obtained from University of Florida and is being sold with permission from the author. A digital copy of this work may also be found in the university's institutional repository, IR@UF. The content of this dissertation has not been altered in any way. We have altered the formatting in order to facilitate the ease of printing and reading of the dissertation.

Автор: Ratko K. Janev; William D. Langer; Kenneth Jr. Eva
Название: Elementary Processes in Hydrogen-Helium Plasmas
ISBN: 3642719376 ISBN-13(EAN): 9783642719370
Издательство: Springer
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Описание: Atomic and molecular processes play an important role in laboratory and astrophysical plasmas for a wide range of conditions, and determine, in part, their electrical, transport, thermal, and radiation properties.

Автор: Matt Thompson
Название: Helium Nano-bubble Formation in Tungsten
ISBN: 3030071294 ISBN-13(EAN): 9783030071295
Издательство: Springer
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Цена: 102480.00 T
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Описание: This PhD thesis characterises the damage that occurs in tungsten when it is exposed to a fusion-like environment. The book presents pioneering work on the use of grazing-incidence small-angle X-ray scattering (GISAXS) to measure nano-bubble formation in tungsten exposed to helium plasma. The phenomenon of nanoscale bubble formation within metals during helium plasma exposure can lead to undesirable changes in the material properties, such as complex nanoscale surface modification or a reduction in thermal conductivity. As a result of this work, it is now possible to quantify how nanobubble behaviour changes within different materials, and under different plasma conditions.

Автор: Thompson
Название: Helium Nano-bubble Formation in Tungsten
ISBN: 3319960105 ISBN-13(EAN): 9783319960104
Издательство: Springer
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Цена: 93160.00 T
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Описание: As a result of this work, it is now possible to quantify how nanobubble behaviour changes within different materials, and under different plasma conditions. In 2015 the author published the first GISAXS study of helium-induced nanobubble formation in tungsten, demonstrating the viability of using GISAXS for this work.