Review of international regulatory co-operation of the united kingdom, Oecd
Автор: Oecd:organisation For Economic Co-operation And De Название: Oecd teaching and learning international survey (talis) ISBN: 926405605X ISBN-13(EAN): 9789264056053 Издательство: OECD Рейтинг: Цена: 61350.00 T Наличие на складе: Невозможна поставка. Описание:
The OECD Teaching and Learning International Survey (TALIS) is the first international survey to focus on the learning environment and the working conditions of teachers in schools. It provides policy-relevant analysis of
- The leadership and management of schools--particularly the roles adopted by school leaders who deal with increasing accountability and devolution of educational authority, and the impact this has on the learning environment and on the work of teachers;
- The appraisal of teachers' work in schools and the type of feedback they receive, as well as the use of outcomes from these processes to reward and develop teachers. Linked to this, the professional development that teachers undertake and how this is connected to appraisal systems, how it is supported by school leaders, and how it impacts on classroom practices;
- The profiles of countries with regard to teaching practices, activities, beliefs, and attitudes, and how these vary according to teacher background characteristics.
This report reviews the important role of medicines in health systems, describes recent trends in pharmaceutical expenditure and financing, and summarises the approaches used by OECD countries to determine coverage and pricing. It then highlights current issues for policy makers, such as the increasing prices of new medicines; concerns about the value of spending in some therapeutic areas; challenges in anticipating the arrival of very effective medicines for highly prevalent diseases; sharp price increases in off-patent products; and the apparent misalignment of current incentives for the development of treatments for certain conditions. The report also describes the role of the biopharmaceutical industry in OECD economies, examines the process of pharmaceutical R&D and its financing, and looks at the risks, costs and return from R&D investment for the industry. Examining trends in the industry over time, it shows that productivity of R&D expenditure has declined; that the duration of market exclusivity has remained relatively stable; that new medicines are increasingly being developed for small patient populations; and that the industry as a whole has remained highly profitable for investors. Lastly, the report presents a range of policy options for consideration by policy makers, to support the development of effective and co-ordinated responses to the identified challenges.
This report presents an assessment of Mexico's recent education reforms. Education systems worldwide require continued policy efforts in essential areas to improve student learning, such as: the need to prioritise equity; providing learning environments that are fit for the 21st century; ensuring that schools are run and staffed by high-quality professionals who are well supported; and designing evaluation and assessment frameworks that support schools and assist policy makers in promoting effective student learning and quality of education for all. Mexico's education system has evolved in this direction, but many of the recent reforms need time to mature and flexibility to be adjusted to ensure schools can deliver quality education.
In Mexico, like in many other countries, there is a considerable distance between national policy making and the learning that happens in schools. Closing this gap requires substantial resources, capacity and support from state authorities, who have an important role to play as operators of the system, as well as from education stakeholders across the country. In complex education systems, implementation is not only about executing the policy but also building and fine-tuning it collaboratively. This OECD report aims to support Mexico in this endeavour.
Автор: Oecd Published By Oecd Publishing Название: Long-term care for older people ISBN: 9264008489 ISBN-13(EAN): 9789264008489 Издательство: Неизвестно Рейтинг: Цена: 2370.00 T Наличие на складе: Невозможна поставка. Описание: This study reports on the latest trends in long-term care policies in nineteen OECD countries: Australia, Austria, Canada, Germany, Hungary, Ireland, Japan, Korea, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Mexico, Poland, Spain, Sweden, Switzer
Автор: Lang Michael, Pistone Pasquale, Rust Alexander Название: The OECD Multilateral Instrument for Tax Treaties: Analysis and Effects ISBN: 9041188363 ISBN-13(EAN): 9789041188366 Издательство: Неизвестно Цена: 151730.00 T Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ. Описание:
The Multilateral Instrument (MLI) proposed in OECD BEPS Action 15 will lead to the modification of numerous tax treaties. As tax treaties can have different wording, terminology and structure, a great challenge is to find a proper way to accomplish their modification without distorting the underlying framework or triggering undesirable effects.
This book analyses the MLI, which was signed by over seventy jurisdictions on 7 June 2017. The topics covered include:
- the procedural mechanisms on how the new measures to prevent base erosion and profit shifting (BEPS) will interact with and complement existing tax treaties;
- the scope of the MLI in order to ascertain which tax treaties and taxes are covered;
- the interpretation of terms used in the MLI and the relationship between the languages used in the MLI and in the particular tax treaties;
- the implementation of the minimum standard through the MLI, as well as how states can exercise various options offered by the MLI and reserve the right not to apply certain provisions of the MLI;
- the legal consequences of the exercise of options and reservations for the other states;
- the notification procedure through which states declare their choices; and
- the possibilities and procedure for withdrawal from the obligations entered into upon signing the MLI.
Finally, the book discusses whether the mechanism of the MLI can serve as a role model for future changes to the OECD Model Convention.
The book incorporates the analyses of leading scholars and practitioners dealing with international tax matters. Critical insights are offered for academics, practitioners, tax officials and judges who deal with or are interested in the field of international taxation.
Social protection systems are often still designed for the archetypical full-time dependent employee. Work patterns deviating from this model - be it self-employment or online "gig work" - can lead to gaps in social protection coverage. Globalisation and digitalisation are likely to exacerbate this discrepancy as new technologies make it easier and cheaper to offer and find work online, and online work platforms have experienced spectacular growth in recent years. While new technologies and the new forms of work they create bring the incomplete social protection of non-standard workers to the forefront of the international policy debate, non-standard work and policies to address such workers' situation are not new: across the OECD on average, one in six workers is self-employed, and a further one in eight employees is on a temporary contract. Thus, there are lessons to be learned from country experiences of providing social protection to non-standard workers. This report presents seven policy examples from OECD countries, including the "artists' insurance system" in Germany or voluntary unemployment insurance for self-employed workers in Sweden. It draws on these studies to suggest policy options for providing social protection for non-standard workers, and for increasing the income security of on-call workers and those on flexible hours contracts.
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