Автор: Daston Lorraine, Galison Peter Название: Objectivity ISBN: 189095179X ISBN-13(EAN): 9781890951795 Издательство: Wiley Рейтинг: Цена: 31680.00 T Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ. Описание: Objectivity has a history, and it is full of surprises. In Objectivity, Lorraine Daston and Peter Galison chart the emergence of objectivity in the mid-nineteenth-century sciences--and show how the concept differs from its alternatives, truth-to-nature and trained judgment. This is a story of lofty epistemic ideals fused with workaday practices in the making of scientific images. From the eighteenth through the early twenty-first centuries, the images that reveal the deepest commitments of the empirical sciences--from anatomy to crystallography--are those featured in scientific atlases, the compendia that teach practitioners what is worth looking at and how to look at it. Galison and Daston use atlas images to uncover a hidden history of scientific objectivity and its rivals. Whether an atlas maker idealizes an image to capture the essentials in the name of truth-to-nature or refuses to erase even the most incidental detail in the name of objectivity or highlights patterns in the name of trained judgment is a decision enforced by an ethos as well as by an epistemology. As Daston and Galison argue, atlases shape the subjects as well as the objects of science. To pursue objectivity--or truth-to-nature or trained judgment--is simultaneously to cultivate a distinctive scientific self wherein knowing and knower converge. Moreover, the very point at which they visibly converge is in the very act of seeing not as a separate individual but as a member of a particular scientific community. Embedded in the atlas image, therefore, are the traces of consequential choices about knowledge, persona, and collective sight. Objectivity is a book addressed to anyone interested in the elusive and crucial notion of objectivity-- and in what it means to peer into the world scientifically. Lorraine Daston is Director at the Max Planck Institute for the History of Science in Berlin, Germany. She is the coauthor of Wonders and the Order of Nature, 1150-1750 and the editor of Things That Talk: Object Lessons from Art and Science (both Zone Books). Peter Galison is Pellegrino University Professor of the History of Science and of Physics at Harvard University. He is the author of Einstein's Clocks, Poincare's Maps: Empires of Time, How Experiments End, and Image and Logic: A Material Culture of Microphysics, and other books, and coeditor (with Emily Thompson) of The Architecture of Science (MIT Press, 1999).
Автор: Mansoor Niaz Название: Evolving Nature of Objectivity in the History of Science and its Implications for Science Education ISBN: 331988476X ISBN-13(EAN): 9783319884769 Издательство: Springer Рейтинг: Цена: 83850.00 T Наличие на складе: Поставка под заказ. Описание: This book explores the evolving nature of objectivity in the history of science and its implications for science education. It is generally considered that objectivity, certainty, truth, universality, the scientific method and the accumulation of experimental data characterize both science and science education. Such universal values associated with science may be challenged while studying controversies in their original historical context. The scientific enterprise is not characterized by objectivity or the scientific method, but rather controversies, alternative interpretations of data, ambiguity, and uncertainty. Although objectivity is not synonymous with truth or certainty, it has eclipsed other epistemic virtues and to be objective is often used as a synonym for scientific. Recent scholarship in history and philosophy of science has shown that it is not the experimental data (Baconian orgy of quantification) but rather the diversity / plurality in a scientific discipline that contributes toward understanding objectivity. History of science shows that objectivity and subjectivity can be considered as the two poles of a continuum and this dualism leads to a conflict in understanding the evolving nature of objectivity. The history of objectivity is nothing less than the history of science itself and the evolving and varying forms of objectivity does not mean that one replaced the other in a sequence but rather each form supplements the others. This book is remarkable for its insistence that the philosophy of science, and in particular that discipline’s analysis of objectivity as the supposed hallmark of the scientific method, is of direct value to teachers of science. Meticulously, yet in a most readable way, Mansoor Niaz looks at the way objectivity has been dealt with over the years in influential educational journals and in textbooks; it’s fascinating how certain perspectives fade, while basic questions show no sign of going away. There are few books that take both philosophy and education seriously – this one does! Roald Hoffmann, Cornell University, chemist, writer and Nobel Laureate in Chemistry
Автор: Winfield Название: From Concept to Objectivity ISBN: 1472484142 ISBN-13(EAN): 9781472484147 Издательство: Taylor&Francis Рейтинг: Цена: 43890.00 T Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ. Описание: From Concept to Objectivity uncovers the nature and authority of conceptual determination by critically thinking through neglected arguments in Hegel’s Science of Logic pivotal for understanding reason and its role in philosophy. Winfield clarifies the logical problems of presuppositionlessness and determinacy that prepare the way for conceiving the concept, examines how universality, particularity, and individuality are determined, investigates how judgment and syllogism are exhaustively differentiated, and, on that basis, explores how objectivity can be categorized without casting thought in irrevocable opposition to reality. Winfield's book will be of interest to readers of Hegel as well as anyone wondering how thought can be objective.
Автор: Winfield Название: From Concept to Objectivity ISBN: 0754655369 ISBN-13(EAN): 9780754655367 Издательство: Taylor&Francis Рейтинг: Цена: 148010.00 T Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ. Описание: From Concept to Objectivity uncovers the nature and authority of conceptual determination by critically thinking through neglected arguments in Hegel`s Science of Logic pivotal for understanding reason and its role in philosophy.
Historians of religion face complex interpretive issues when examining religious texts, practices, and experiences. Faithful Narratives presents the work of twelve eminent scholars whose research has exemplified compelling strategies for negotiating the difficulties inherent in this increasingly important area of historical inquiry. The chapters range chronologically from Late Antiquity to modern America and thematically from the spirituality of near eastern monks to women’s agency in religion, considering familiar religious communities alongside those on the margins and bringing a range of spiritual and religious practices into historical focus.Focusing on Judaism, Christianity, and Islam, the essays address matters central to the study of religion in history, in particular texts and traditions of authority, interreligious discourse, and religious practice and experience. Some examine mainstream communities and traditions, others explore individuals who crossed religious or confessional boundaries, and still others study the peripheries of what is considered orthodox religious tradition. Encompassing a wide geographical as well as chronological scope, Faithful Narratives illustrates the persistence of central themes and common analytical challenges for historians working in all periods.Contributors: Peter Brown, Princeton University; Nina Caputo, University of Florida; Carlos Eire, Yale University; Susanna Elm, University of California, Berkeley; Anthony Grafton, Princeton University; Susannah Heschel, Dartmouth College; Phyllis Mack, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey; Kenneth Mills, University of Toronto; David Nirenberg, University of Chicago; Mark A. Noll, University of Notre Dame; David B. Ruderman, University of Pennsylvania; Lamin Sanneh, Yale University; Andrea Sterk, University of Florida; John Van Engen, University of Notre Dame.
Автор: Peter J. Steinberger Название: The Politics of Objectivity: An Essay on the Foundations of Political Conflict ISBN: 1107521580 ISBN-13(EAN): 9781107521582 Издательство: Cambridge Academ Рейтинг: Цена: 33790.00 T Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ. Описание: Peter J. Steinberger reaffirms the idea of rationalism in politics by examining important problems of public life in the light of established philosophical doctrine. This book argues that political conflict is a discursive endeavor deeply implicated in the rational pursuit of theories about how things in the world really are.
Автор: Vito Breda, Lidia Rodak Название: Diverse Narratives of Legal Objectivity: An Interdisciplinary Perspective ISBN: 3631653433 ISBN-13(EAN): 9783631653432 Издательство: Peter Lang Рейтинг: Цена: 69190.00 T Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ. Описание: This volume presents a collection of essays on objectivity in legal discourse. Has law a distinctive type of objectivity? Is there one specific type of legal objectivity or many, depending on the observatory language utilized? Is objectivity fit for law? The analyses in the various contributions show that the Cartesian paradigm of objectivity is not relevant to the current legal discourse, and new forms of legal objectivity are revealed instead. Each essay, in its distinctive way, analyses the strong commitment of law to objectivity, shedding light on the controversies that surround it.
Автор: Wallace Lewis Raven Название: The View from Somewhere: Undoing the Myth of Journalistic Objectivity ISBN: 022658917X ISBN-13(EAN): 9780226589176 Издательство: Wiley Рейтинг: Цена: 20070.00 T Наличие на складе: Невозможна поставка. Описание: #MeToo. #BlackLivesMatter. #NeverAgain. #WontBeErased. Though both the right- and left-wing media claim "objectivity" in their reporting of these and other contentious issues, the American public has become increasingly cynical about truth, fact, and reality. In The View from Somewhere, Lewis Raven Wallace dives deep into the history of "objectivity" in journalism and how its been used to gatekeep and silence marginalized writers as far back as Ida B. Wells.
At its core, this is a book about fierce journalists who have pursued truth and transparency and sometimes been punished for it--not just by tyrannical governments but by journalistic institutions themselves. He highlights the stories of journalists who question "objectivity" with sensitivity and passion: Desmond Cole of the Toronto Star; New York Times reporter Linda Greenhouse; Pulitzer Prize-winner Rachel Kaadzi Ghansah; Peabody-winning podcaster John Biewen; Guardian correspondent Gary Younge; former Buzzfeed reporter Meredith Talusan; and many others. Wallace also shares his own experiences as a midwestern transgender journalist and activist who was fired from his job as a national reporter for public radio for speaking out against "objectivity" in coverage of Trump and white supremacy.
With insightful steps through history, Wallace stresses that journalists have never been mere passive observers--the choices they make reflect worldviews tinted by race, class, gender, and geography. He upholds the centrality of facts and the necessary discipline of verification but argues against the long-held standard of "objective" media coverage that asks journalists to claim they are without bias. Using historical and contemporary examples--from lynching in the nineteenth century to transgender issues in the twenty-first--Wallace offers a definitive critique of "objectivity" as a catchall for accurate journalism. He calls for the dismissal of this damaging mythology in order to confront the realities of institutional power, racism, and other forms of oppression and exploitation in the news industry.
Now more than ever, journalism that resists extractive, exploitive, and tokenistic practices toward marginalized people isn't just important--it is essential. Combining Wallace's intellectual and emotional journey with the wisdom of others' experiences, The View from Somewhere is a compelling rallying cry against journalist neutrality and for the validity of news told from distinctly subjective voices.
Автор: Peter Baofu Название: Future of Post-Human Probability: Towards a New Theory of Objectivity & Subjectivity ISBN: 162948671X ISBN-13(EAN): 9781629486710 Издательство: Nova Science Рейтинг: Цена: 350580.00 T Наличие на складе: Невозможна поставка. Описание: Is the degree of probability that an individual holds when betting on a particular outcome really so subjective that, as Frank Ramsey once argued, "objective logical relations" do not exist and that "probability is the logic of partial belief"? (WK 2012a) This subjective interpretation of probability can be contrasted with an objective view by John Keynes, who argued instead that "logical probabilities are conceived to be objective, logical relations between propositions (or sentences), and hence not to depend in any way upon belief". (WK 2012) Contrary to these opposing interpretations (and other ones as will be discussed in the book), probability (in relation to both objectivity and subjectivity) are neither possible (nor impossible) nor desirable (or undesirable) to the extent that the respective ideologues (on different sides) would like us to believe. Surely, this questioning of the opposing interpretations on probability does not entail that probability is useless, or that those fields related to probability (like "statistics, finance, gambling, science, artificial intelligence/machine learning and philosophy") are not worth studying. Needless to say, neither of these extreme views is reasonable. Instead, this book offers an alternative way to understand the future of probability, especially in the dialectic context of objectivity and subjectivity -- while learning from different approaches in the literature but without favouring any one of them (nor integrating them, since they are not necessarily compatible with each other). More specifically, this book offers a new theory (that is, the interpretivist theory of probability) in order to go beyond the existing approaches in a novel way. To understand this, the book is organised in four chapters. This seminal project will fundamentally change the way that we think about probability in relation to objectivity and subjectivity from the combined perspectives of the mind, nature, society, and culture, with enormous implications for the human future and what I originally called its "post-human" fate.
Автор: Gertrudis Van De Vijver Название: Objectivity after Kant: Its Meaning, its Limitations, its Fateful Omissions ISBN: 3487148978 ISBN-13(EAN): 9783487148977 Издательство: Gazelle Book Services Рейтинг: Цена: 64330.00 T Наличие на складе: Невозможна поставка. Описание: The constraint is the possibility - this was the idea behind a conference that took place in Gent (Belgium) in 2010, under the title "Yes we Kant! Critical reflections on objectivity", and where many of the papers included in this volume were first presented. The questions addressed there all regarded the nature and meaning of objectivity, and how and whether Immanuel Kants theory of constitution can still prove relevant to such philosophical concerns. This involves, of course, careful exegesis of Kants works, but as the Prussian sage himself recognised: it is the spirit, and not the letter of a philosophers oeuvre that one should seek to grasp. This volume, then, seeks to explore to what extent the idea that the constraint is the possibility captures the spirit of transcendental philosophy. In the "Critique of Pure Reason", this idea finds expression in the metaphor of the dove, who regrets that air resistance keeps him from flying ever higher, but forgets that it is this same resistance that keeps him aloft. In much the same way, the limitations and constraints on knowledge may be the very conditions of possibility for objectivity, and not the reasons for its impossibility.
Автор: Lesley McFadyen, Dan Hicks Название: Archaeology and Photography: Time, Objectivity and Archive ISBN: 1350029688 ISBN-13(EAN): 9781350029682 Издательство: Taylor&Francis Рейтинг: Цена: 117390.00 T Наличие на складе: Невозможна поставка. Описание: Does a photograph freeze a moment of time? What does it mean to treat a photographic image as an artefact? In the 21st century, do new digital and social forms change the status of photography as archival or objective - or are they revealing something more fundamental about photography`s longstanding relationships with time and knowledge?
Автор: Steven Levine Название: Pragmatism, Objectivity, and Experience ISBN: 1108422896 ISBN-13(EAN): 9781108422895 Издательство: Cambridge Academ Рейтинг: Цена: 99270.00 T Наличие на складе: Невозможна поставка. Описание: Explores the relation between objectivity and experience, challenging metaphysical approaches and arguing that objectivity depends on experience as understood by the classical pragmatic tradition. Re-evaluating pragmatism on contemporary terms, this book will be important for philosophers seeking new perspectives on objectivity.
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