Автор: Gray, Andrew Название: Budgeting, Auditing, and Evaluation ISBN: 0765807246 ISBN-13(EAN): 9780765807243 Издательство: Taylor&Francis Рейтинг: Цена: 30610.00 T Наличие на складе: Нет в наличии.
Автор: Edoardo Croci Название: The Handbook of Environmental Voluntary Agreements ISBN: 9048168430 ISBN-13(EAN): 9789048168439 Издательство: Springer Рейтинг: Цена: 217670.00 T Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ. Описание: EDOARDOCROCI IEFE - Universita Bocconi, Milano, Italy Voluntary approaches in environmental policy represent a "third wave" of regulation in the environmental field. "Command and control" was the first wave. Its core is based on uniform emission standards, the respect of which needs to be enforced through extensive monitoring and severe sanctions. The expected cost of sanction for non-compliance, calculated as its amount multiplied for the probability to be caught, must be superior to the benefits of non-compliance, in order to let the sanction be effective. As the benefits of non-compliance can vary among firms, sanctions need to be very high in order to be effective. In fact sanctions are ordinary correlated to environmental damage and not to the benefits of non-compliance. But very high sanctions can be difficult to enforce as they appear unfair and can lead to dramatic consequences on firms and workers, up to shut-downs of plants. Ambient standards reduce these problems, but oblige the regulator to know a huge amount of information, regarding the specific contribution of each polluter to the polluted body. Information is difficult to obtain because of asymmetric information and costly to produce because it requires large and skilled regulating and enforcing organizations. Nevertheless complex regulation is the base of any environmental policy framework, as it allows the policy maker to fully exercise its power of composition of various interests in a relatively transparent way. Economic instruments were the second wave.
Автор: World Bank Название: Evaluation Of The International Fiance Corporation`S Global Trade Financ Program 2006-12 ISBN: 0821399802 ISBN-13(EAN): 9780821399804 Издательство: Mare Nostrum (Eurospan) Рейтинг: Цена: 23100.00 T Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ. Описание: As part of its strategy to support global trade, the World Bank Group seeks to enhance trade finance in emerging markets. In 2005 the International Finance Corporation (IFC), part of the Bank Group, introduced the Global Trade Finance Program (GTFP) to support the extension of trade finance to underserved clients globally. This IEG evaluation found that overall, the GTFP was a relevant response to the demand to reduce risk in trade finance in emerging markets. The programme significantly improved IFC’s engagement in trade finance by introducing an open network of banks and a quick, flexible response platform to support the supply of trade finance. IEG’s evaluation covers the programme’s operations from its inception in 2005 through FY2012. The programme grew from a $500 million annual commitment to $5 billion in FY12. It accounted for 39 percent of total IFC commitments and has low costs—it accounted for 2.4 percent of IFC’s capital use and 1.2 percent of its staff costs and has had no claims to date. It is profitable as well, although not to the extent originally expected, accounting for 0.6 percent of IFC’s net profit. IEG found that the GTFP has particular additionality among higher-risk countries. In its early years, it was concentrated in these countries, particularly in Africa. During the global crisis, the programme risk-mitigation instrument became relevant in much broader markets. Client feedback on the programme has been positive. In its evaluation IEG does offer several recommendations to enhance its effectiveness, including on issues of transparency and reporting methods, as well as expanding the share of the programme in needier markets. For development professionals, the lessons in this evaluation can be applied to private sector development situations, particularly mitigation of financing risks in emerging markets.
Автор: Marques Rui Pedro, Melo Ana Isabel, Natбrio Maria Manuela Название: The Impact of Tourist Activities on Low-Density Territories: Evaluation Frameworks, Lessons, and Policy Recommendations ISBN: 3030655237 ISBN-13(EAN): 9783030655235 Издательство: Springer Цена: 168950.00 T Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ. Описание: This book tackles the question of how tourism development and suitable policies can be used to promote sustainable development in Low-Density Territories (LDTs).
Автор: Zajac Pawel Название: Evaluation Method of Energy Consumption in Logistic Warehouse Systems ISBN: 3319370650 ISBN-13(EAN): 9783319370651 Издательство: Springer Рейтинг: Цена: 93160.00 T Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ. Описание: The evaluation method takes into account the intensity of the energy supplied to the logistics system and reduces the storage of the recovered energy - this figure represents the energy needed to pass through the logistics unit load storage system, and can be expressed in an energy intensity map.
Автор: Dell`ovo Marta, Oppio Alessandra, Capolongo Stefano Название: Decision Support System for the Location of Healthcare Facilities: Sithealth Evaluation Tool ISBN: 3030501728 ISBN-13(EAN): 9783030501723 Издательство: Springer Рейтинг: Цена: 46570.00 T Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ. Описание: The book examines an integrated approach for addressing decisions about the location of healthcare facilities.
Автор: World Bank Publications Название: The World Bank And Public Procurement ISBN: 1464801231 ISBN-13(EAN): 9781464801235 Издательство: Mare Nostrum (Eurospan) Рейтинг: Цена: 25040.00 T Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ. Описание: "The unanticipated spike in international food prices in 2007-08 hit many developing countries hard. International prices for food and other agricultural products increased by more than 100 percent between early 2007 and mid-2008. Prices for food cereals more than doubled; and those for rice doubled in the space of just a few months. The food price increases were particularly hard on the poor and near-poor in developing countries, many of whom spend a large share of their income on food and have limited means to cope with price shocks. An estimated 1.29 billion people in 2008 lived on less than $1.25 a day, equivalent to 22.4 percent of the developing world population. In addition, the Food and Agriculture Organization estimated that 923 million people were undernourished in 2007. Simulation models suggested that poverty rose by 100-200 million people and the undernourished increased by 63 million in 2008. The World Bank organized rapidly for short-term support in the crisis, launching a fast-track program of loans and grants, the Global Food Crisis Response Program (GFRP). The GFRP mainly targeted low-income countries, and provided detailed policy advice to governments and its own staff on how to respond to the crisis. The Bank also scaled up lending for agriculture and social protection to support the building of medium-term resilience to future food price shocks. The International Finance Corporation responded by sharply increasing access to liquidity for agribusinesses and agricultural traders in the short and medium term, as well as new programs to improve incentives for agricultural market participants. This evaluation assesses the effectiveness of the World Bank Group response in addressing the short-term impacts of the food price crisis and in enhancing the resilience of countries to future shocks."
Автор: Whyman Название: Third Way Economics ISBN: 1403920656 ISBN-13(EAN): 9781403920652 Издательство: Springer Рейтинг: Цена: 107130.00 T Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ. Описание: Synthesizes a core economic strategy from the most significant Third Way administrations. This book explores the theoretical foundations to Third Way Economics, before evaluating its economic strategy against conclusions drawn from contemporary economics literature, and the relative performance of contemporary left-of-centre governments.
Автор: Bemelmans-Videc, Marie-Lo Название: Making Accountability Work ISBN: 0765803992 ISBN-13(EAN): 9780765803993 Издательство: Taylor&Francis Рейтинг: Цена: 148010.00 T Наличие на складе: Нет в наличии.
Автор: Wiesner, Eduardo Название: Evaluation and Development ISBN: 0765804239 ISBN-13(EAN): 9780765804235 Издательство: Taylor&Francis Рейтинг: Цена: 32650.00 T Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Автор: Rist, Ray Название: Program Evaluation and the Management of Government ISBN: 0765806002 ISBN-13(EAN): 9780765806000 Издательство: Taylor&Francis Рейтинг: Цена: 47970.00 T Наличие на складе: Нет в наличии.
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