Multilateral Environmental Agreements and Compliance, Huggins, Anna
Автор: Desai Название: Multilateral Environmental Agreements ISBN: 1107610516 ISBN-13(EAN): 9781107610514 Издательство: Cambridge Academ Рейтинг: Цена: 40130.00 T Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ. Описание: This study examines the genesis, development, and proliferation of multilateral environmental agreements (MEAs), their ad hoc treaty-based status and the issue of the legal personality of their secretariats. It offers an account of the phenomenon in which an international institution provides a servicing base for an MEA that triggers a chain of legal implications.
Автор: Olmos Giupponi, Belen Название: International Environmental Law Compliance in Context ISBN: 1138491845 ISBN-13(EAN): 9781138491847 Издательство: Taylor&Francis Рейтинг: Цена: 148010.00 T Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ. Описание: This book explores how compliance with international environmental law has changed over time, offering a critical analysis of its current shifting patterns.
Автор: Edoardo Croci Название: The Handbook of Environmental Voluntary Agreements ISBN: 9048168430 ISBN-13(EAN): 9789048168439 Издательство: Springer Рейтинг: Цена: 217670.00 T Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ. Описание: EDOARDOCROCI IEFE - Universita Bocconi, Milano, Italy Voluntary approaches in environmental policy represent a "third wave" of regulation in the environmental field. "Command and control" was the first wave. Its core is based on uniform emission standards, the respect of which needs to be enforced through extensive monitoring and severe sanctions. The expected cost of sanction for non-compliance, calculated as its amount multiplied for the probability to be caught, must be superior to the benefits of non-compliance, in order to let the sanction be effective. As the benefits of non-compliance can vary among firms, sanctions need to be very high in order to be effective. In fact sanctions are ordinary correlated to environmental damage and not to the benefits of non-compliance. But very high sanctions can be difficult to enforce as they appear unfair and can lead to dramatic consequences on firms and workers, up to shut-downs of plants. Ambient standards reduce these problems, but oblige the regulator to know a huge amount of information, regarding the specific contribution of each polluter to the polluted body. Information is difficult to obtain because of asymmetric information and costly to produce because it requires large and skilled regulating and enforcing organizations. Nevertheless complex regulation is the base of any environmental policy framework, as it allows the policy maker to fully exercise its power of composition of various interests in a relatively transparent way. Economic instruments were the second wave.
Автор: Zahar, Alexander Название: International climate change law and state compliance ISBN: 1138212431 ISBN-13(EAN): 9781138212435 Издательство: Taylor&Francis Рейтинг: Цена: 53070.00 T Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ. Описание:
A solution to the problem of climate change requires close international cooperation and difficult reforms involving all states. Law has a clear role to play in that solution. What is not so clear is the role that law has played to date as a constraining factor on state conduct.
International Climate Change Law and State Compliance is an unprecedented treatment of the nature of climate change law and the compliance of states with that law. The book argues that the international climate change regime, in the twenty or so years it has been in existence, has developed certain normative rules of law, binding on states. State conduct under these rules is characterized by generally high compliance in areas where equity is not a major concern. There is, by contrast, low compliance in matters requiring a burden-sharing agreement among states to reduce global greenhouse gas emissions to a 'safe' level. The book argues that the substantive climate law presently in place must be further developed, through normative rules that bind states individually to top-down mitigation commitments. While a solution to the problem of climate change must take this form, the law's development in this direction is likely to be hesitant and slow.
The book is aimed at scholars and graduate students in environmental law, international law, and international relations.
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