Water demand in southern Africa continues to rise, as urban areas expand and as agricultural water demand rises to meet the millennium development food security goals. Water resource availability in the northern Limpopo Basin has declined over the last 30 years, and will decline further under climate change. In this study, water resources modelling is used to quantify the effect of water resources strategies and climatic conditions on water resources availability. This is coupled with water balance modelling to evaluate the potential of alluvial aquifers, which form the beds of sand rivers.
The greatest benefit for the least impact comes from strategies providing for better land and soil/water management, such as changing from maize to small grains, production of livestock fodder and conservation agriculture. Small dams are a key resource to rural communities, and change to Multiple Use Systems through abstraction of water for irrigation has clear benefits locally. There is also great potential for the exploitation of alluvial aquifers for water supply. Better management of existing large dams, together with conjunctive use of alluvial groundwater and several reservoirs could increase productive use of water and significantly improve livelihoods without the construction of new reservoirs.
Quantitative research with respect to the combination of engineering and socialcultural- religious aspects based on the Tri Hita Karana philosophy in Subak irrigation schemes is original in the field of land and water development. A scenario analysis needs a good and careful system approach. Based on a Generic Algorithm the RIBASIM model was applied using the dependable 80% of discharge and shifting the start of land preparation. The results provide evidence that the cropping pattern of the fifth scenario results in an overall optimal agriculture production of the Subak schemes.
The recoverable flow considered in the river basin scheme model plays an important role in the optimisation. Nevertheless, if a normal hydro-climate occurs, the other scenarios, especially the first scenario, can be applied as well. When the indigenous knowledge of farmers is compromised with present day knowledge of agricultural and technological developments, capability of these farmers increases, thus reflects the applicability of the Tri Hita Karana philosophy on harmony among people and harmony among people and nature.
Автор: Christopher Flores Название: Indian Irrigation Projects: Maintenance & Sustainability Issues ISBN: 1634832612 ISBN-13(EAN): 9781634832618 Издательство: Nova Science Рейтинг: Цена: 173170.00 T Наличие на складе: Невозможна поставка. Описание: Over 100 irrigation projects and systems can be found on Indian reservations primarily across the western United States. The scarcity of water in much of the western United States makes irrigation critical to agricultural activities. The Department of the Interiors Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) manages 16 irrigation projects on Indian reservations in the western United States. This book focuses on BIAs estimated deferred maintenance cost for its irrigation projects; shortcomings that the Government Accountability Office (GAO) identified in BIAs management of its irrigation projects; and issues GAO identified that needed to be addressed to determine the long-term direction of BIAs irrigation program.
Название: Closed Circuit Trickle Irrigation D ISBN: 177188116X ISBN-13(EAN): 9781771881166 Издательство: Taylor&Francis Рейтинг: Цена: 148010.00 T Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ. Описание:
Closed circuit trickle irrigation is a form of micro irrigation that increases energy and water efficiency by using closed circuit drip irrigation systems designs. Modifications are made to traditional micro irrigation methods to reduce some of the problems and constraints, such as low compressor water at the end of irrigation lines. This approach has proved successful for the irrigation of fruit trees and some vegetable and field crops. Closed circuits of drip irrigation systems require about half of the water needed by sprinkler or surface irrigation. Lower operating pressures and flow rates result in reduced energy costs, and a higher degree of water control is attainable as well. Plants can be supplied with more precise amounts of water, and disease and insect damage is reduced because plant foliage stays dry. Fertilizers can also be applied through this type of system, which can result in a reduction of fertilizer and fertilizer costs.
This new volume in the Research Advances in Sustainable Micro Irrigation book series presents a diverse collection of research on closed circuit irrigational technology and design and provides studies of its use on such crops as wheat, maize, yellow corn, soybeans, rice, and snap peas.
The book explores:
- Soil moisture and salinity distributions under modified sprinkler irrigation
- Performance of sprinkler irrigation
- Design considerations for closed circuit drip irrigation systems
- Performance of bubbler irrigation
- Energy and water savings of drip irrigation systems
- Automation of mini-sprinkler and drip irrigation systems
- Water and fertilizer use efficiencies for drip irrigated maize
- Evaluation of emitter clogging for drip irrigated systems
This book will be valuable for those interested in irrigation planning and management, namely, researchers, scientists, educators, upper-level students, agricultural extension services, and others.
Автор: Newell Frederick Haynes Название: Water Supply for Irrigation - Extract from the Thirteenth Annual Report of the Director 1891-1892 ISBN: 1528713346 ISBN-13(EAN): 9781528713344 Издательство: Неизвестно Рейтинг: Цена: 22060.00 T Наличие на складе: Невозможна поставка. Описание: This volume contains a treatise by Frederick Haynes Newell on the subject of American irrigation in the early 1890s, concentrating on water quality and distribution in arid areas. Frederick Haynes Newell (1862 - 1932) was the first Director of the United States Reclamation Service. This volume will appeal to those with an interest in hydrology, especially its developments in theory and methodology. Other notable works by this author include: "Oil Well Drilling" (1888), "Agriculture by Irrigation" (1894), and "Hydrography of the Arid Regions" (1891). Contents include: "Preceding Reports", "Area Irrigated", "Irrigable Area", "Size of Streams", "Relative Run-off", "Fluctuations of Rivers and Lakes", "Nonperiodic Oscillation", "Subsurface Waters", "Cost and Value of Water Supply", "Principal Drainage Basins", "Missouri River Basin", "Location and Area" etc. Many vintage books such as this are becoming increasingly scarce and expensive. It is with this in mind that we are republishing this volume now in an affordable, modern, high-quality edition complete with the original text and artwork.
Автор: Melanie K. Goetz Название: Communicating Water`s Value: Talking Points, Tips & Strategies ISBN: 158321979X ISBN-13(EAN): 9781583219799 Издательство: Mare Nostrum (Eurospan) Рейтинг: Цена: 73920.00 T Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ. Описание: This book offers tips and tools to assist management, communications staff, and employees at both small and large utilities in shaping customers` understanding about the value of water.
Название: Soil Moisture Mapping with a Portable Cosmic Ray Neutron Sensor ISBN: 920102018X ISBN-13(EAN): 9789201020185 Издательство: Mare Nostrum (Eurospan) Рейтинг: Цена: 16630.00 T Наличие на складе: Невозможна поставка. Описание: An informational guide for soil moisture mapping at landscape level through a portable "backpack" cosmic-ray neutron sensor. This recently developed device monitors soil water content in a non-invasive way using background neutron counts. It is used to measure water content in the topsoil over wide areas.
Автор: Newell Frederick Haynes Название: Principles of Irrigation Engineering - Arid Lands, Water Supply, Storage Works, Dams, Canals, Water Rights and Products ISBN: 1528713273 ISBN-13(EAN): 9781528713276 Издательство: Неизвестно Рейтинг: Цена: 30640.00 T Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ. Описание: "Principles of Irrigation Engineering" is a 1913 work by F. T. Bioletti on the subject of irrigation methods, dealing with canals, dams, storage, water supple, dry land, and related law. Frederic Theodore Bioletti (1865 - 1939) was an English-born American vintner. He studied at the University of California, Berkeley from 1889 to 1900, where he worked with prominent soil scientist Professor E.W. Hilgard. His work with Hilgard on the fermentation of wines under different conditions were significant in helping California vintners to refine their wine production practices and improving the resulting wines. Bioletti was the first chair of the Department of Viticulture and Enology and founded the grape breeding program at the University of California Agricultural Experiment Station. This volume will appeal to those with an interest in irrigation techniques, and their history and development in particular. Many vintage books such as this are becoming increasingly scarce and expensive. It is with this in mind that we are republishing this volume now in an affordable, modern, high-quality edition complete with a specially-commissioned new biography of the author.
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