Why do presidents and their advisors often make sub-optimal decisions on military intervention, escalation, de-escalation, and termination of conflicts?
The leading concept of group dynamics, groupthink, offers one explanation: policy-making groups make sub-optimal decisions due to their desire for conformity and uniformity over dissent, leading to a failure to consider other relevant possibilities. But presidential advisory groups are often fragmented and divisive. This book therefore scrutinizes polythink, a group decision-making dynamic whereby different members in a decision-making unit espouse a plurality of opinions and divergent policy prescriptions, resulting in a disjointed decision-making process or even decision paralysis.
The book analyzes eleven national security decisions, including the national security policy designed prior to the terrorist attacks of 9/11, the decisions to enter into and withdraw from Afghanistan and Iraq, the 2007 "surge" decision, the crisis over the Iranian nuclear program, the UN Security Council decision on the Syrian Civil War, the faltering Kerry Peace Process in the Middle East, and the U.S. decision on military operations against ISIS.
Based on the analysis of these case studies, the authors address implications of the polythink phenomenon, including prescriptions for avoiding and/or overcoming it, and develop strategies and tools for what they call Productive Polythink. The authors also show the applicability of polythink to business, industry, and everyday decisions.
Автор: Kechichian Название: Iran, Iraq and the Arab Gulf States ISBN: 0312293887 ISBN-13(EAN): 9780312293888 Издательство: Springer Рейтинг: Цена: 121110.00 T Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ. Описание: After the wars of the late 20th century, the wider Gulf region remains mired in internal, regional and international conflicts. This volume presents analytical perspectives, including solution-oriented assessments, to identify major causes for actual and potential conflicts throughout the Gulf.
Автор: David Romano Название: Conflict, Democratization, And The Kurds In The Middle East: Turkey, Iran, Iraq, And Syria ISBN: 1137409983 ISBN-13(EAN): 9781137409980 Издательство: Springer Рейтинг: Цена: 83850.00 T Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ. Описание: This volume examines how the Kurdish issue has acted as both an impediment and impetus to democratization in Turkey, Iran, Iraq, and Syria.
Why do presidents and their advisors often make sub-optimal decisions on military intervention, escalation, de-escalation, and termination of conflicts?
The leading concept of group dynamics, groupthink, offers one explanation: policy-making groups make sub-optimal decisions due to their desire for conformity and uniformity over dissent, leading to a failure to consider other relevant possibilities. But presidential advisory groups are often fragmented and divisive. This book therefore scrutinizes polythink, a group decision-making dynamic whereby different members in a decision-making unit espouse a plurality of opinions and divergent policy prescriptions, resulting in a disjointed decision-making process or even decision paralysis.
The book analyzes eleven national security decisions, including the national security policy designed prior to the terrorist attacks of 9/11, the decisions to enter into and withdraw from Afghanistan and Iraq, the 2007 "surge" decision, the crisis over the Iranian nuclear program, the UN Security Council decision on the Syrian Civil War, the faltering Kerry Peace Process in the Middle East, and the U.S. decision on military operations against ISIS.
Based on the analysis of these case studies, the authors address implications of the polythink phenomenon, including prescriptions for avoiding and/or overcoming it, and develop strategies and tools for what they call Productive Polythink. The authors also show the applicability of polythink to business, industry, and everyday decisions.
Автор: Chubin, Shahram Название: Iran And Iraq At War ISBN: 036715305X ISBN-13(EAN): 9780367153052 Издательство: Taylor&Francis Рейтинг: Цена: 42870.00 T Наличие на складе: Невозможна поставка. Описание: This book attempts to understand both the nature and the consequences of the current conflict between Iraq and Iran. It is based on a research project initiated by the auspices of the Programme for Strategic and International Security Studies in Geneva.
Автор: DeFronzo, James Название: The Iraq War ISBN: 0367318601 ISBN-13(EAN): 9780367318604 Издательство: Taylor&Francis Рейтинг: Цена: 148010.00 T Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ. Описание: This book explains why the Iraq War took place, and the war`s impacts on Iraq, the United States, the Middle East, and other nations around the world. It explores conflict`s potential consequences for future rationales for war, foreign policy, the United Nations, and international law and justice.
Автор: Marianna Charountaki Название: Iran and Turkey: International and Regional Engagement in the Middle East ISBN: 1788311809 ISBN-13(EAN): 9781788311809 Издательство: Bloomsbury Academic Рейтинг: Цена: 105600.00 T Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ. Описание: Reveals the main factors influencing Iranian and Turkish foreign policies since 1979
Автор: Milani Abbas Название: Lost Wisdom: Rethinking Modernity in Iran ISBN: 1933823747 ISBN-13(EAN): 9781933823744 Издательство: Gazelle Book Services Рейтинг: Цена: 28600.00 T Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ. Описание: This Top-Up Launchpack is ideal for those who already have the Early Level 1 Launchpack containing Sets A and B. This pack completes the set with 6 copies each of all 16 New Early Level 1 Set C Titles: Blow Wind Blow, Busy Buddy, Going to Ski, Faces Show Feelings, Help Me Please, Make a Snowman, Sand Everywhere! What Will We Eat?, Collections, Endangered Animals, Hats on Heads, Heavy or Light?, High, Higher, Highest, Pairs of Feet, This or That?, Where Do Animals Sleep?Packaged in a single carry case with divider cards.
This memoir reads like a thriller. It's a true personal account detailing the upheaval that changed every fiber of Iranian society as it gasped for a life away from tyranny. It's a feast of cultural, historical, and political anecdotes that answer the myriad questions from Westerners about what went wrong in Iran in 1978. The work also includes multiple stories from WWII unique to the Middle East.
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