Energy: supply and demand, Rutledge, David B. (california Institute Of Technology)

Автор: Jorge Ancheyta
Название: Modeling of Processes and Reactors for Upgrading of Heavy Petroleum
ISBN: 143988045X ISBN-13(EAN): 9781439880456
Издательство: Taylor&Francis
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Цена: 193950.00 T
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Описание: The worldwide petroleum industry is facing a dilemma: the production level of heavy petroleum is higher than that of light petroleum. Heavy crude oils possess high amounts of impurities (sulfur, nitrogen, metals, and asphaltenes), as well as a high yield of residue with consequent low production of valuable distillates (gasoline and diesel). These characteristics, in turn, are responsible for the low price of heavy petroleum. Additionally, existing refineries are designed to process light crude oil, and heavy oil cannot be refined to 100 percent. One solution to this problem is the installation of plants for heavy oil upgrading before sending this raw material to a refinery. Modeling of Processes and Reactors for Upgrading of Heavy Petroleum gives an up-to-date treatment of modeling of reactors employed in the main processes for heavy petroleum upgrading. The book includes fundamental aspects such as thermodynamics, reaction kinetics, chemistry, and process variables. Process schemes for each process are discussed in detail. The author thoroughly describes the development of correlations, reactor models, and kinetic models with the aid of experimental data collected from different reaction scales. The validation of modeling results is performed by comparison with experimental and commercial data taken from the literature or generated in various laboratory scale reactors. Organized into three sections, this book deals with general aspects of properties and upgrading of heavy oils, describes the modeling of non-catalytic processes, as well as the modeling of catalytic processes. Each chapter provides detailed experimental data, explanations of how to determine model parameters, and comparisons with reactor model predictions for different situations, so that readers can adapt their own computer programs. The book includes rigorous treatment of the different topics as well as the step-by-step description of model formulation and application. It is not only an indispensable reference for professionals working in the development of reactor models for the petroleum industry, but also a textbook for full courses in chemical reaction engineering. The author would like to express his sincere appreciation to the Marcos Moshinsky Foundation for the financial support provided by means of a Catedra de Investigacion.

Автор: Zaikin
Название: Petroleum Radiation Processing
ISBN: 1466593105 ISBN-13(EAN): 9781466593107
Издательство: Taylor&Francis
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Цена: 209270.00 T
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Описание:

Radiation-thermal cracking of oil feedstock has the potential to offer a solution to many of the challenges the oil industry is facing. Radiation-induced chain cracking reactions in hydrocarbons at lowered temperatures initiated the development of improved technological approaches, combining the advantages of radiation-thermal cracking and low-temperature feedstock processing. However, researchers still face obstacles in the practical application of theory and experimental data, and the literature presents contradictions that need to be sorted out for further development of this technology.

Petroleum Radiation Processing fills an information gap, providing systematic descriptions of the fundamentals of radiation-induced cracking reactions in hydrocarbons. It analyzes the basic experiments that have brought about the rapid development of radiation technology for petroleum radiation processing during the last decades. The book provides a detailed introduction to radiation methods based on radiation-thermal and low-temperature cracking of hydrocarbons, emphasizing high-viscous oil feedstocks that are difficult to process by conventional methods--such as heavy and high-paraffinic crude oil, fuel oil, and bitumen. It helps readers understand the mechanisms and kinetics of low-temperature radiation cracking.

The book addresses the application of promising radiation methods for solving critical environmental issues, such as oil desulfurization and regeneration of used lubricants and other used oil products. Examining experimental data as well as theoretical and technical approaches, it summarizes research progress in the field of petroleum radiation processing, providing a useful reference on the theory and technology of hydrocarbon radiation processing for chemical technologists, researchers, and students.

Название: Analytical Methods in Petroleum Upstream Applications
ISBN: 1482230860 ISBN-13(EAN): 9781482230864
Издательство: Taylor&Francis
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Цена: 183750.00 T
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Effective measurement of the composition and properties of petroleum is essential for its exploration, production, and refining; however, new technologies and methodologies are not adequately documented in much of the current literature. Analytical Methods in Petroleum Upstream Applications explores advances in the analytical methods and instrumentation that allow more accurate determination of the components, classes of compounds, properties, and features of petroleum and its fractions.

Recognized experts explore a host of topics, including:

• A petroleum molecular composition continuity model as a context for other analytical measurements
• A modern modular sampling system for use in the lab or the process area to collect and control samples for subsequent analysis
• The importance of oil-in-water measurements and monitoring
• The chemical and physical properties of heavy oils, their fractions, and products from their upgrading
• Analytical measurements using gas chromatography and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) applications
• Asphaltene and heavy ends analysis
• Chemometrics and modeling approaches for understanding petroleum composition and properties to improve upstream, midstream, and downstream operations

Due to the renaissance of gas and oil production in North America, interest has grown in analytical methods for a wide range of applications. The understanding provided in this text is designed to help chemists, geologists, and chemical and petroleum engineers make more accurate estimates of the crude value to specific refinery configurations, providing insight into optimum development and extraction schemes.

Автор: Jennifer Spinti (Editor)
Название: Utah Oil Shale
ISBN: 1498721729 ISBN-13(EAN): 9781498721721
Издательство: Taylor&Francis
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Цена: 168430.00 T
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Описание: Utah’s Uinta Basin contains one of the largest oil shale resources in the United States. This book examines many of the issues surrounding oil shale development in the Uinta Basin. Focusing on research conducted by investigators associated with The University of Utah’s Institute for Clean and Secure Energy (ICSE), the chapters in this book build on each other across a range of scales and of disciplines to present a comprehensive picture of the opportunities and challenges facing this nascent industry. Scales range from the molecular analysis of kerogen to the basin-scale analysis of oil shale geology. Legal, policy, geologic, chemical, economic, and engineering perspectives provide insight into the nature of the Uinta Basin oil shale resource and the potential costs (both financial and environmental) of its extraction. This book integrates the various analyses in two ways. First, the Skyline 16 oil shale core, which was drilled in the Uinta Basin as part of this research, was the source of samples for much of the work that is discussed in this book. Second, the latter chapters of this book incorporate models and data from the earlier chapters to (1) produce a suite of in situ simulation scenarios that study the effect of well arrangement on energy ratio and (2) evaluate costs and air quality issues associated with these scenarios.

Автор: Torben Lund Skovhus (Editor) et all
Название: Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion in the Upstream Oil and Gas Industry
ISBN: 1498726569 ISBN-13(EAN): 9781498726566
Издательство: Taylor&Francis
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Цена: 234790.00 T
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Описание: Microorganisms are ubiquitously present in petroleum reservoirs and the facilities that produce them. Pipelines, vessels, and other equipment used in upstream oil and gas operations provide a vast and predominantly anoxic environment for microorganisms to thrive. The biggest technical challenge resulting from microbial activity in these engineered environments is the impact on materials integrity. Oilfield microorganisms can affect materials integrity profoundly through a multitude of elusive (bio)chemical mechanisms, collectively referred to as microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC). MIC is estimated to account for 20 to 30% of all corrosion-related costs in the oil and gas industry. This book is intended as a comprehensive reference for integrity engineers, production chemists, oilfield microbiologists, and scientists working in the field of petroleum microbiology or corrosion. Exhaustively researched by leaders from both industry and academia, this book discusses the latest technological and scientific advances as well as relevant case studies to convey to readers an understanding of MIC and its effective management.

Название: Coal in the 21st Century: Energy Needs, Chemicals and Environmental Controls
ISBN: 1782628606 ISBN-13(EAN): 9781782628606
Издательство: Marston Book Services
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Цена: 92400.00 T
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Описание: This timely book critically reviews the role of coal in the 21st century examining energy needs, usage and health implications.

Автор: Deo Tewari
Название: Petroleum Fluid Phase Behavior
ISBN: 1138626384 ISBN-13(EAN): 9781138626386
Издательство: Taylor&Francis
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Цена: 132710.00 T
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Описание: This book deals with complex fluid characterization of oil and gas reservoirs, emphasizing the importance of PVT parameters for practical application in reservoir simulation and management.

Автор: Mohaghegh
Название: Data-Driven Analytics for the Geological Storage of CO2
ISBN: 1138197149 ISBN-13(EAN): 9781138197145
Издательство: Taylor&Francis
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Цена: 163330.00 T
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Описание: Data-driven analytics is enjoying unprecedented popularity among oil and gas professionals. Many reservoir engineering problems associated with geological storage of CO2 require the development of numerical reservoir simulation models. This book is the first to examine the contribution of artificial intelligence and machine learning in data-driven analytics of fluid flow in porous environments, including saline aquifers and depleted gas and oil reservoirs. Drawing from actual case studies, this book demonstrates how smart proxy models can be developed for complex numerical reservoir simulation models. Smart proxy incorporates pattern recognition capabilities of artificial intelligence and machine learning to build smart models that learn the intricacies of physical, mechanical and chemical interactions using precise numerical simulations. This ground breaking technology makes it possible and practical to use high fidelity, complex numerical reservoir simulation models in the design, analysis and optimization of carbon storage in geological formations projects.

Автор: Karen Polenske
Название: The Technology-Energy-Environment-Health (TEEH) Chain In China
ISBN: 9048168643 ISBN-13(EAN): 9789048168644
Издательство: Springer
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Цена: 113180.00 T
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Описание: This study provides comprehensive information on cokemaking technologies in China, covering the entire cokemaking supply-chain, and including statistics and photos help to clarify the actual cokemaking practices.

Автор: Pratt Joseph A., Melosi Martin V., Brosnan Kathlee
Название: Energy Capitals: Local Impact, Global Influence
ISBN: 0822962667 ISBN-13(EAN): 9780822962663
Издательство: Mare Nostrum (Eurospan)
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Цена: 36030.00 T
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Описание: Fossil fuels propelled industries and nations into the modern age and continue to powerfully influence economies and politics today. As Energy Capitals demonstrates, the discovery and exploitation of fossil fuels has proven to be a mixed blessing in many of the cities and regions where it has occurred.With case studies from the United States, Canada, Mexico, Norway, Africa, and Australia, this volume views a range of older and more recent energy capitals, contrasts their evolutions, and explores why some capitals were able to influence global trends in energy production and distribution while others failed to control even their own destinies. Chapters show how local and national politics, social structures, technological advantages, education systems, capital, infrastructure, labor force, supply and demand, and other factors have affected the ability of a region to develop and control its own fossil fuel reserves. The contributors also view the environmental impact of energy industries and demonstrate how, in the depletion of reserves or a shift to new energy sources, regions have or have not been able to recover economically.The cities of Tampico, Mexico, and Port Gentil, Gabon, have seen their oil deposits exploited by international companies with little or nothing to show in return and at a high cost environmentally. At the opposite extreme, Houston, Texas, has witnessed great economic gain from its oil, natural gas, and petrochemical industries. Its growth, however, has been tempered by the immense strain on infrastructure and the human transformation of the natural environment. In another scenario, Perth, Australia, Calgary, Alberta, and Stavanger, Norway have benefitted as the closest established cities with administrative and financial assets for energy production that was developed hundreds of miles away.Whether coal, oil, or natural gas, the essays offer important lessons learned over time and future considerations for the best ways to capture the benefits of energy development while limiting the cost to local populations and environments.

Автор: Malcolm Slesser
Название: Dictionary of Energy
ISBN: 0333454626 ISBN-13(EAN): 9780333454626
Издательство: Springer
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Цена: 53100.00 T
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Описание: This revised and enlarged edition covers the latest developments in advanced energy technology and in the derivation and application of synthetic fuels. Energy studies, fuel technology, engineering, ecology and economics are among the disciplines whose approach to the topic are included.

Автор: Catherine E. Gr?goire Padr?; Francis Lau
Название: Advances in Hydrogen Energy
ISBN: 0306464292 ISBN-13(EAN): 9780306464294
Издательство: Springer
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Цена: 130430.00 T
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Описание: Includes research and analysis papers on hydrogen production, storage, and end-use technologies that were presented at the American Chemical Society National Meeting in New Orleans, Louisiana, USA, in August 1999.