Analysis and Approximation of Rare Events: Representations and Weak Convergence Methods, Budhiraja Amarjit, Dupuis Paul

Автор: Amarjit Singh
Название: States & Peoples in Conflict: Transformations of Conflict Studies
ISBN: 1681177889 ISBN-13(EAN): 9781681177885
Издательство: Gazelle Book Services
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Цена: 244510.00 T
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Описание: During the early 1990s the term conflict transformation was not in frequent use among peace and conflict theorists. Meanwhile, it has accrued a number of meanings, including transformation of individuals, transformation of relationships, and transformation of social systems large and small. In frequent everyday settings we experience social conflict as a time when a disruption occurs in the "natural" discourse of our relationships. As conflict emerges, we stop and take notice that something is not right. The relationship in which the difficulty is arising becomes complicated, not easy and fluid as it once was. We no longer take things at face value, but rather spend greater time and energy to interpret what things mean. As our communication becomes more difficult, we find it harder and harder to express our perceptions and feelings. We also find it more difficult to understand what others are doing and saying, and may develop feelings of uneasiness and anxiety. Transformation must be able to respond to lifes on-the-ground challenges, needs, and realities. However, the notion of conflict transformation as simply a further extension of conflict resolution seems to be in contrast with some of the strongest proponents of the term. This Book, States and Peoples in Conflict: Transformations of Conflict Studies, examines the decision-making process, rationale and determining factors which underlie the strategic shifts of armed movements from violent to nonviolent resistance. The text provides a cutting-edge and transdisciplinary overview of the main issues, debates, state-of-the-art methods, and key concepts in peace and conflict studies. It aims to combine theory and practice, providing advanced engagement with the theoretical and philosophical aspects of the subject in the investigation and analysis of specific cases of conflict.

Автор: Amarjit Singh
Название: Obstacles to Peacebuilding
ISBN: 1681177870 ISBN-13(EAN): 9781681177878
Издательство: Gazelle Book Services
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Описание: Peacebuilding involves a range of measures targeted to reduce the risk of lapsing or relapsing into conflict by strengthening national capacities at all levels for conflict management, and laying the foundations for sustainable peace and development. Many cease-fires and peace agreements in civil wars are primarily unsuccessful and give way to renewed, and often escalated, violence. Progress is often incremental, in some cases spanning decades. Many peace processes become interminably protracted, lengthy and circular negotiations in which concessions are rare, and even if fragile agreements are reached they stumble at the implementation phase. Given the huge material and human costs of a failed peace process, the consolidation of peace processes and dealing with threats to implementation are crucial areas of scholarship and policy analysis. States are increasingly turning to it for solutions to burgeoning peace and security problems. But are the United Nations and its agencies equipped to tackle the new security challenges in addition to such global issues as drugs, the environment, the oceans, or mass migration. This Book, Obstacles to Peacebuilding, explores the factors that obstruct conflict settlement by focusing on the phenomena of spoilers and spoiling groups and tactics that actively seek to hinder, delay, or undermine conflict settlement through a variety of means and for a variety of motives. The countries that were better off to begin with, institutionally and economically, were better off at the end of nation-building interventions than were those that had greater limitations at the start. Nevertheless, almost all countries were meaningfully better off than when the operations began. Most post-Cold War interventions have been followed by improved security, some democratization, significant economic growth, and modest improvements in human development and government effectiveness. These outcomes have been achieved, in most cases, with only a modest commitment of international military and civilian manpower and economic assistance. The studies in this compilation by the contributors shed light on the process of peacebuilding and its obstacles.