Автор: Laurini Robert Название: Geographic Knowledge Infrastructure ISBN: 1785482432 ISBN-13(EAN): 9781785482434 Издательство: Elsevier Science Рейтинг: Цена: 88650.00 T Наличие на складе: Поставка под заказ. Описание: Geographic Knowledge Engineering: Applications to Territorial Intelligence and Smart Cities studies the specific nature of geographic knowledge and the structure of geographic knowledge bases. Geographic relations, ontologies, gazetteers and rules are detailed as the basic components of such bases, and these rules are defined to develop our understanding of the mechanisms of geographic reasoning. The book examines various problems linked to geovisualization, chorems, visual querying and interoperability to shape knowledge infrastructure for smart governance.
Автор: Hasselgren Название: Transport Infrastructure in Time, Scope and Scale ISBN: 3319790536 ISBN-13(EAN): 9783319790534 Издательство: Springer Рейтинг: Цена: 111790.00 T Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ. Описание:
This book discusses the economics of transport infrastructure and the economic theorizing around transport infrastructure from 1850 to today. Transport infrastructure systems are continuously evolving over time. Since the mid-1800s these systems have grown in complexity and outreach. They have been important drivers of economic development but have also been important as economic agents in themselves. Over time transport infrastructure systems have taken on different functions as providers of simpler transport services or more developed value chain components. Transport infrastructure has also been a source for different arguments about economic theory and practice.
Transport infrastructure systems are analysed from an institutional perspective where the long-term development of the ownership and financing of the systems, as well as the connection to different policy areas are elaborated. A longitudinal study of Sweden’s transport infrastructure policy is used to exemplify driving factors causing change and transformation of the systems over time with different scale and scope.
Автор: Gwilliam Ken, Gwilliam K. M. Название: Africa`s Transport Infrastructure: Mainstreaming Maintenance and Management ISBN: 0821384562 ISBN-13(EAN): 9780821384565 Издательство: Mare Nostrum (Eurospan) Цена: 29260.00 T Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ. Описание: This book presents and analyzes the results of a comprehensive collection of data on the extent and condition of transport infrastructure in Sub-Saharan Africa, identifies the reasons for poor performance, and estimates future financing needs. The transport facilities of Sub-Saharan Africa were built primarily for the colonial exploitation of mineral and agricultural resources. The chief goal of road and rail networks was to link mines, plantations, and other sites for the exploitation and transformation on natural resources to ports, rather than to provide general connectivity within the region. The road network of 1.75 million kilometers exhibits a low density with respect to population. Its average spatial density is very low by world standards. The network carries low average traffic levels. Even so, because most African countries have a low GDP, the fiscal burden of the network is the highest among world regions, maintenance is underfinanced, and road conditions are on average poor, while road accident rates are very high. Attempts to improve the financing of maintenance through "second generation road funds" have met with some success, but there remain serious weaknesses in implementation. Road freight transport is fragmented, but cartelized, with high rates and high profits. Railways were also built mainly as for the exportation of minerals and crops. With the exception of two or three very specialized bulk mineral lines, the traffic volumes are low, and the railways have been in financial decline since the 1960s. Concessioning of the lines to private operators has improved performance, but governments often impose unachievable requirements on the companies, and investment remains inadequate for long-term sustainability. Most of the 260 airports that provide year-round commercial service in Sub-Saharan Africa have adequate runway capacity, though some of the larger airports suffer from a shortage of terminal capacity. More than a quarter of the runways are in marginal or poor condition, and air traffic control and navigation facilities are below international standards. Though airport charges are high, few airports are truly financially sustainable. Three national carriers are quite successful, but most are small and barely sustainable. Protection persists in the domestic and intercontinental markets, but the international market in the region has been effectively liberalized. The safety record is poor. Most ports are small by international standards. Many are still publicly owned and suffer from inadequate equipment and poor productivity. Only a few highly specialized ports, including private ports integrated with the extraction companies, meet the highest international standards Costs and charges are high. But there is a trend toward concessioning of facilities to large groups specializing in international container terminals and port operations. Fortunately the shipping market is now deregulated. Urban transport suffers from some infrastructure deficiencies, particularly in the condition of urban roads. But the main problems of the sector are associated with the fragmented and poorly regulated nature of most urban bus markets. Finance for large buses is very difficult to obtain. In all modes the situation is made worse by failures of governance in both the provision and regulation of infrastructure. The overall deficit in financing for infrastructure is estimated using a model based on the application of hypothesized standards of connectivity for all modal networks and facilities. Once the amount of infrastructure needed to meet those standards was calculated, these "requirements" were compared with existing stocks and the costs of making the transition over a ten-year period were calculated. A "base" scenario used standards similar to those pertaining in developed regions, while a "pragmatic" scenario applied lower standards. In a separate exercise, the actual average expenditures on transport infr
Автор: Ascher, William Название: Physical infrastructure development ISBN: 0230100309 ISBN-13(EAN): 9780230100305 Издательство: Springer Рейтинг: Цена: 60550.00 T Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ. Описание: This book addresses the key challenges of balancing economic growth, poverty alleviation, and environmental protection in the development of major physical infrastructure, ranging from transport to energy.
Автор: Harvey Penny, Knox Hannah Название: Roads: An Anthropology of Infrastructure and Expertise ISBN: 0801479649 ISBN-13(EAN): 9780801479649 Издательство: Mare Nostrum (Eurospan) Рейтинг: Цена: 29220.00 T Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ. Описание:
Roads matter to people. This claim is central to the work of Penny Harvey and Hannah Knox, who in this book use the example of highway building in South America to explore what large public infrastructural projects can tell us about contemporary state formation, social relations, and emerging political economies.Roads focuses on two main sites: the interoceanic highway currently under construction between Brazil and Peru, a major public/private collaboration that is being realized within new, internationally ratified regulatory standards; and a recently completed one-hundred-kilometer stretch of highway between Iquitos, the largest city in the Peruvian Amazon, and a small town called Nauta, one of the earliest colonial settlements in the Amazon. The Iquitos-Nauta highway is one of the most expensive roads per kilometer on the planet.Combining ethnographic and historical research, Harvey and Knox shed light on the work of engineers and scientists, bureaucrats and construction company officials. They describe how local populations anticipated each of the road projects, even getting deeply involved in questions of exact routing as worries arose that the road would benefit some more than others. Connectivity was a key recurring theme as people imagined the prosperity that will come by being connected to other parts of the country and with other parts of the world. Sweeping in scope and conceptually ambitious, Roads tells a story of global flows of money, goods, and people—and of attempts to stabilize inherently unstable physical and social environments.
Автор: Sandro Fabbro Название: Mega Transport Infrastructure Planning ISBN: 3319372130 ISBN-13(EAN): 9783319372136 Издательство: Springer Рейтинг: Цена: 78350.00 T Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ. Описание: Based on the work of Poly5, or the Mediterranean Corridor, mega-transport infrastructure project, this ground-breaking reference explains how and why traditional top-down government-defined transport planning policies are failing, due to their tendency to eschew acknowledgement of profoundly multifarious local and regional issues.
Автор: Genia Kostka; Jobst Fiedler Название: Large Infrastructure Projects in Germany ISBN: 3319292323 ISBN-13(EAN): 9783319292328 Издательство: Springer Рейтинг: Цена: 83850.00 T Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ. Описание: This book presents an analysis of why some large infrastructure projects are delayed or compromised and offers important insights into the better delivery of future projects.
Автор: Hansj?rg Drewello; Bernd Scholl Название: Integrated Spatial and Transport Infrastructure Development ISBN: 3319157078 ISBN-13(EAN): 9783319157078 Издательство: Springer Рейтинг: Цена: 93160.00 T Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ. Описание: The challenge of growth in transport, especially in freight transport, and scarce resources in money, landscape and local opposition against new infrastructure investment require new solutions from transport policy.
Автор: Sandro Fabbro Название: Mega Transport Infrastructure Planning ISBN: 3319163957 ISBN-13(EAN): 9783319163956 Издательство: Springer Рейтинг: Цена: 104480.00 T Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ. Описание: Based on the work of Poly5, or the Mediterranean Corridor, mega-transport infrastructure project, this ground-breaking reference explains how and why traditional top-down government-defined transport planning policies are failing, due to their tendency to eschew acknowledgement of profoundly multifarious local and regional issues.
Автор: Elena S. Prassas; Roger P. Roess Название: Engineering Economics and Finance for Transportation Infrastructure ISBN: 3642385796 ISBN-13(EAN): 9783642385797 Издательство: Springer Рейтинг: Цена: 130610.00 T Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ. Описание: This book presents the application of engineering economic principles to transportation infrastructure investments. It also reviews the history of transportation finance as well as current methods for funding transportation investments in the U.S.
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