Policing Hate Crime: Understanding Communities and Prejudice, Gail Mason, JaneMaree Maher, Jude McCulloch, Sharon Pickering, Rebecca Wickes, Carolyn McKay
Автор: Dashiell Marston Название: Policing Hate Crime: Understanding Communities & Prejudice ISBN: 1681178176 ISBN-13(EAN): 9781681178172 Издательство: Gazelle Book Services Рейтинг: Цена: 244510.00 T Наличие на складе: Невозможна поставка. Описание: The human being has the natural tendency to divide the world into categories, grouping people on the basis of their similarities with respect to certain characteristics. This process has an adaptive function in both cognitive (less effort) and motivational (to develop a good self-image as a result of a comparison with individuals belonging to other groups) aspects. However, categorizing also means to perceive members of an out group as more similar than they really are and to consider members of different groups more different. Hate crime has become a barometer for contemporary police relations with vulnerable and marginalised communities. In both crime and law, hate crime is a usually violent, prejudice motivated crime that occurs when a perpetrator targets a victim because of his or her perceived membership in a certain social group. A hate crime motivated by prejudice toward the "victims race, colour, ethnicity, religion, or national origin. Hate crime laws typically require proof of the individuals motivation for the crime in order to convict the defendant. Violence based on social prejudice has engendered public outrage, and state and local governments have enacted numerous laws and ordinances to deal with these hate-motivated crimes. Stereotypes and prejudices are based on the social categorization process. Prejudice is also closely connected to the way that in-group and out-group members explain each others behaviour. These explanations, known in psychology as "causal attributions, are both a symptom and source of prejudice. Their formation and development are strictly related to personal experience and to social learning dynamics. Throughout the past century, research on prejudice has closely reflected the ideological trends, telling us as much about the personal biases of the scientific community as about prejudice itself. Policing Hate Crime: Understanding Communities and Prejudice interrogates the complexities of prejudice motivated crime and effective policing practices and illuminates ways to overcome communication difficulties. It provides studies on hate crime incidents and hate crime laws and presents various arguments in support of and against hate crime laws and the inclusion of sexual orientation in such laws. This book will be important reading for students and academics in the fields of hate crime, as well as victimology, policing, and crime and community.
Автор: Jason L Powell Название: Exploring Policing, Crime & Society: A Brief But Critical Understanding ISBN: 1619420015 ISBN-13(EAN): 9781619420014 Издательство: Nova Science Рейтинг: Цена: 65460.00 T Наличие на складе: Невозможна поставка. Описание: During World War II, Academy Award-winning director Frank Capra made propaganda films for the U.S. Government, such as Prelude to War, The Nazis Strike, The Battle of Britain, War Comes to America and The Negro Soldier. This analyses the cinematic and thematic techniques Capra employed in these films, linking them to the techniques and ideology of the director`s popular mainstream narrative films.
Автор: Mahesh K. Nalla, Graeme R. Newman Название: Community Policing in Indigenous Communities ISBN: 1138382175 ISBN-13(EAN): 9781138382176 Издательство: Taylor&Francis Рейтинг: Цена: 63280.00 T Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ. Описание: Indigenous communities are typically those that challenge the laws of the nation states of which they have become—often very reluctantly—a part. Around the world, community policing has emerged in many of these regions as a product of their physical environments and cultures. Through a series of case studies, Community Policing in Indigenous Communities explores how these often deeply divided societies operate under the community policing paradigm.Drawing on the local expertise of policing practitioners and researchers across the globe, the book explores several themes with regard to each region: How community policing originated or evolved in the community and how it has changed over time The type of policing style used—whether informal or formal and uniformed or non-uniformed, whether partnerships are developed with local community organizations or businesses, and the extent of covert operations, if any The role played by community policing in the region, including the relative emphasis of calls for service, the extent to which advice and help is offered to citizens, whether local records are kept of citizen movement and locations, and investigation and arrest procedures The community’s special cultural or indigenous attributes that set it apart from other models of community policing Organizational attributes, including status in the "hierarchy of control" within the regional or national organization of policing The positive and negative features of community policing as it is practiced in the community Its effectiveness in reducing and or preventing crime and disorder The book demonstrates that community policing cannot be imposed from above without grassroots input from local citizens. It is a strategy—not simply for policing with consent—but for policing in contexts where there is often little, if any, consent. It is an aspirational practice aimed to help police and communities within contested contexts to recognize that positive gains can be made, enabling communities to live in relative safety.
Автор: Wilcox Pamela, Cullen Francis T., Feldmeyer Ben Название: Communities and Crime: An Enduring American Challenge ISBN: 1592139744 ISBN-13(EAN): 9781592139743 Издательство: Mare Nostrum (Eurospan) Рейтинг: Цена: 25040.00 T Наличие на складе: Нет в наличии. Описание:
Social scientists have long argued over the links between crime and place. The authors of Communities and Crime provide an intellectual history that traces how varying images of community have evolved over time and influenced criminological thinking and criminal justice policy.
The authors outline the major ideas that have shaped the development of theory, research, and policy in the area of communities and crime. Each chapter examines the problem of the community through a defining critical or theoretical lens: the community as social disorganization; as a system of associations; as a symptom of larger structural forces; as a result of criminal subcultures; as a broken window; as crime opportunity; and as a site of resilience.
Focusing on these changing images of community, the empirical adequacy of these images, and how they have resulted in concrete programs to reduce crime, Communities and Crime theorizes about and reflects upon why some neighborhoods produce so much crime. The result is a tour of the dominant theories of place in social science today.
Автор: Farrukh B. Hakeem; M.R. Haberfeld; Arvind Verma Название: Policing Muslim Communities ISBN: 1493932691 ISBN-13(EAN): 9781493932696 Издательство: Springer Рейтинг: Цена: 93160.00 T Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ. Описание: This book examines qualities of Sharia law and Muslim culture that affect such aspects of law enforcement as case processing, community policing, administration and human rights. Offers historical insights, case studies and advice on better community policing.
Автор: Rafter Nicole, Posick Chad, Rocque Michael Название: The Criminal Brain, Second Edition: Understanding Biological Theories of Crime ISBN: 1479867543 ISBN-13(EAN): 9781479867547 Издательство: Mare Nostrum (Eurospan) Рейтинг: Цена: 82770.00 T Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ. Описание: A lively, up-to-date overview of the newest research in biosocial criminology What is the relationship between criminality and biology? Nineteenth-century phrenologists insisted that criminality was innate, inherent in the offender’s brain matter. While they were eventually repudiated as pseudo-scientists, today the pendulum has swung back. Both criminologists and biologists have begun to speak of a tantalizing but disturbing possibility: that criminality may be inherited as a set of genetic deficits that place one at risk to commit theft, violence, or acts of sexual deviance. But what do these new theories really assert? Are they as dangerous as their forerunners, which the Nazis and other eugenicists used to sterilize, incarcerate, and even execute thousands of supposed “born” criminals? How can we prepare for a future in which leaders may propose crime-control programs based on biology? In this second edition of The Criminal Brain, Nicole Rafter, Chad Posick, and Michael Rocque describe early biological theories of crime and provide a lively, up-to-date overview of the newest research in biosocial criminology. New chapters introduce the theories of the latter part of the 20th century; apply and critically assess current biosocial and evolutionary theories, the developments in neuro-imaging, and recent progressions in fields such as epigenetics; and finally, provide a vision for the future of criminology and crime policy from a biosocial perspective. The book is a careful, critical examination of each research approach and conclusion. Both compiling and analyzing the body of scholarship devoted to understanding the criminal brain, this volume serves as a condensed, accessible, and contemporary exploration of biological theories of crime and their everyday relevance.
Read the Authors' Op-Ed on the Seattle Post-Intelligencer Sin No More offers a vivid examination of some of the most morally and politically disputed issues of our time: abortion, gay rights, assisted suicide, stem cell research, and legalized gambling. These are moral values issues, all of which are hotly, sometimes violently, contested in America. The authors cover these issues in depth, looking at the nature of efforts to initiate reforms, to define constituencies, to mobilize resources, to frame debates, and to shape public opinion—all in an effort to achieve social change, create, or re-write legislation. Of the issues under scrutiny only legalized gambling has managed to achieve widespread acceptance despite moral qualms from some. Sin No More seeks to show what these laws and attitudes tell us about Americans’ approach to law and morality, and about our changing conceptions of sin, crime and illegality. Running through each chapter is a central tension: that American attitudes and laws toward these victimless crimes are going through a process of normalization. Despite conservative rhetoric the authors argue that the tide is turning on each of these issues, with all moving toward acceptance, or decriminalization, in society. Each issue is at a different point in terms of this acceptance, and each has traveled different roads to achieve their current status.
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