Автор: Cowper, Marcus Название: Cathar Castles ISBN: 1846030668 ISBN-13(EAN): 9781846030666 Издательство: Osprey Рейтинг: Цена: 14840.00 T Наличие на складе: Поставка под заказ. Описание:
In the early 12th century AD a large area of present-day France was not under the direct control of the French king. In fact, the French king's direct authority stretched little further than Paris and the area immediately around it, the Ile de France. Many of the other regions were semi-independent duchies and counties, controlled by, amongst others, the King of England and the Holy Roman Emperor. One such area free from direct French control was the Languedoc, the area stretching from the Massif Central south to the Pyrenees, and as far as the river Rhone to the east. This area was under the loose overlordship of the counts of Toulouse, and by the beginning of the 12th century the whole region had become the centre of an early form of Protestantism called Catharism that flourished to an extraordinary degree and threatened the rule of the Roman Catholic Church. Pope Innocent III, alarmed at this heresy and the unwillingness of the southern nobility to do much to uproot it, launched a crusade in 1209 against European Christians. The crusading army, represented the established Church consisting predominatly of northern French knights. They saw this as an opportunity both to 'take the cross' and to obtain new lands and wealth for themselves more conveniently than crusading to the Holy land. This, the Albigensian Crusade, became a brutal struggle between the north and the south of France as much as between orthodox Roman Catholic and heretic Cathar.
The inhabitants of the Languedoc had always relied for their safety upon a series of strongly fortified walled cities, such as Albi, Carcassonne, B_ziers, Toulouse and a large number of fortified hill-top villages and castles which dotted the countryside. These so-called 'Cathar Castles' now became the last refuge against the invading crusaders and the conflict developed into a series of protracted and bloody sieges that lasted for over 30 years. The author describes these two very different types of fortification, the walled city and the hill-top castle. He explains why they were positioned where they were, how they were built, and the defensive principles behind their construction, and also reviews how well they withstood the test of the Albigensian Crusade. Related Titles The Crusades (Essential Histories) Medieval Siege Warfare (Elite) French Medieval Armies 1000-1300 (Men-at-Arms)
Автор: Author Unknown Название: Readings from Cowper (Classic Reprint) ISBN: 036551179X ISBN-13(EAN): 9780365511793 Издательство: Неизвестно Цена: 7330.00 T Наличие на складе: Невозможна поставка.
Автор: Krissdottir Название: Life of John Cowper Powys ISBN: 1585679178 ISBN-13(EAN): 9781585679171 Издательство: Alma Рейтинг: Цена: 17600.00 T Наличие на складе: Невозможна поставка. Описание: In this, Powys`s first comprehensive biography, eminent scholar Morine Krissdottir delves into the life of the writer, from his childhood in Derbyshire through his celebrated lecture tours through England and the US; from his life`s loves to his relationship with his own writing."
Автор: Cowper William Название: The Works of William Cowper: His Life, Letters and Poems ISBN: 1162792566 ISBN-13(EAN): 9781162792569 Издательство: Неизвестно Цена: 67370.00 T Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Автор: Marcus Cowper Название: A History of the Irish Guards in the Afghan and Iraq Campaigns 2001–2014 ISBN: 1472817745 ISBN-13(EAN): 9781472817747 Издательство: Osprey Рейтинг: Цена: 24750.00 T Наличие на складе: Поставка под заказ. Описание: Irish Guardsmen have been involved in all aspects of the campaigns in Afghanistan and Iraq - from in Kabul in 2001, through the invasion of Iraq in 2003 to the eventual withdrawal in 2009, and the campaign in Helmand from 2006 to 2014. This book features battalion`s experiences through some of the most testing times the British Army has faced.
Автор: Homer Название: The Iliad Of Homer (Volume II): Translated Into English Blank Verse By William Cowper, Edited By Robert Southey, With Notes, By M. A. Dwight ISBN: 935336373X ISBN-13(EAN): 9789353363734 Издательство: Неизвестно Рейтинг: Цена: 17470.00 T Наличие на складе: Невозможна поставка. Описание: This book is a result of an effort made by us towards making a contribution to the preservation and repair of original classic literature. In an attempt to preserve, improve and recreate the original content, we have worked towards: 1. Type-setting & Reformatting: The complete work has been re-designed via professional layout, formatting and type-setting tools to re-create the same edition with rich typography, graphics, high quality images, and table elements, giving our readers the feel of holding a 'fresh and newly' reprinted and/or revised edition, as opposed to other scanned & printed (Optical Character Recognition - OCR) reproductions. 2. Correction of imperfections: As the work was re-created from the scratch, therefore, it was vetted to rectify certain conventional norms with regard to typographical mistakes, hyphenations, punctuations, blurred images, missing content/pages, and/or other related subject matters, upon our consideration. Every attempt was made to rectify the imperfections related to omitted constructs in the original edition via other references. However, a few of such imperfections which could not be rectified due to intentional\unintentional omission of content in the original edition, were inherited and preserved from the original work to maintain the authenticity and construct, relevant to the work. We believe that this work holds historical, cultural and/or intellectual importance in the literary works community, therefore despite the oddities, we accounted the work for print as a part of our continuing effort towards preservation of literary work and our contribution towards the development of the society as a whole, driven by our beliefs. We are grateful to our readers for putting their faith in us and accepting our imperfections with regard to preservation of the historical content. HAPPY READING
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