Описание: FOREWORD by Dr Lotay Tshering, Prime Minister, Royal Government of Bhutan
PREFACE by H.E. Lyonpo Yeshey Penjore, Honourable Minister for Agriculture and Forest, Royal Government of Bhutan
CHAPTER 1: STATE OF ENVIRONMENT IN BHUTAN
Abstract 1
Overview of Bhutan 1 Ecological Zones & Climatic Features 4
Land Use in Bhutan 5 Source: FRMD/DOFPS 10
Conservation Efforts & Protected Area Systems 10 Conservation Laws and Policies 13
Assessment of Non-Protected Areas 14 Sustainable Forest Management Plans in Non-protected Area 15
Scientific Forest Management 16 Community Forest Empowerment 16
Non-Wood Forest Product (NWFP) Management 17 Plantation and Reforestation Programs 18
Keystone species and Conservation Areas 18 Foot Notes 18
Annexure 1.1 Classification and Characteristics of Vegetation Zones in Bhutan (Grierson & Long, 1983, see 19) 22 Annexure 1.2 Description of Classification of Land Cover Class and Sub-Class in Bhutan (See 20) 25
CHAPTER 2: DRIVERS AND PRESSURE ON THE STATE OF ENVIRONMENT IN BHUTAN
Abstract 27
Land Use 31
Hydropower projects 32
Farm Roads 33 Mining and Mineral Development: 36
Land use for Agriculture 38 Waste Management 42
Figure 2.6 Waste Generated (tons/day) Dzongkhag wise 44 Fuel wood consumption 45
Fig. 2.7 Fuel Wood Supply in Bhutan 46 Timber Production 47
Forest Fires 51 Livestock Grazing 52
Air Pollution and Fossil Fuels: 54 Fig. 2.10 Fossil Fuel Consumption in Bhutan Source: Environment Accounting, 2018) 54
Demographic and Poverty factors: 61
Invasive Alien Plant Species 64
Climate change 66 Foot Notes (1- 157) 72
Annexure 2.1 List of Invasive Species in Bhutan 83 CHAPTER 3: NON-VIOLENT TECHNIQUES FOR HUMAN-WILDLIFE CONFLICT RESOLUTION
Abstract 88 Contextual Framework within the ACPB: 88
Methodology: 90 Global context of HWC 90
Conflict Management Strategies: 94 Retaliatory Actions and Violent Approaches 94
Lethal Control - Counterproductive 96 From Conflict to Co-existence 98
Safe and Non-Violent Approach 99 Table 3.1 Importa
