Report of the Committee on Providing a Thanksgiving Dinner for the Soldiers and Sailors: Presented December 14th, 1864 (Classic Reprint), Club Union League
Автор: Chodes John Название: Washington`s KKK: The Union League During Southern Reconstruction ISBN: 0692718176 ISBN-13(EAN): 9780692718179 Издательство: Неизвестно Цена: 14890.00 T Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ. Описание: THIS BOOK TELLS THE SHOCKING STORY of this long forgotten chapter in American history-the story of THE UNION LEAGUE, WASHINGTON'S KKK. The -official- version of Southern Reconstruction is that there was a reign of terror - a systematic murder and intimidation by the -white Southern ruling class- who were determined to keep free people of colour in a virtual state of slavery. The real picture is a good deal more complicated. One can find plenty of material about conflict, intimidation, and killing in America during the period 1865-1877; but the Marxist class conflict formulary of history - also known as Political Correctness-takes for granted as fact what is clearly partisan propaganda of the time. They never ask the essential factual and moral question: Who initiated violence? John Chodes shows that the violence was begun by the Republicans through the establishment of the Union League. The Union League was a Northern organisation with the mission of maintaining the illegal and undemocratic control of the Republican Party in the South. Its mobs of Black -militia- led by Carpetbaggers engaged in intimidation, theft, harassment of the innocent, and murder. They deliberately provoked violent response. Their coercion was directed not only at whites, but towards the freedmen who refused to support the Republican regime. In other words, the Union League used the methods of the Ku Klux Klan before the Klan came into existence - the Klan before the Klan *** This title is enrolled in Kindle MatchBook. FREE if print edition is purchased on Amazon.
Why does soft power conflict management meet with variable success over the course of a single mediation? In Nested Security, Erin K. Jenne asserts that international conflict management is almost never a straightforward case of success or failure. Instead, external mediators may reduce communal tensions at one point but utterly fail at another point, even if the incentives for conflict remain unchanged. Jenne explains this puzzle using a "nested security" model of conflict management, which holds that protracted ethnic or ideological conflicts are rarely internal affairs, but rather are embedded in wider regional and/or great power disputes. Internal conflict is nested within a regional environment, which in turn is nested in a global environment. Efforts to reduce conflict on the ground are therefore unlikely to succeed without first containing or resolving inter-state or trans-state conflict processes.Nested security is neither irreversible nor static: ethnic relations may easily go from nested security to nested insecurity when the regional or geopolitical structures that support them are destabilized through some exogenous pressure or shocks, including kin state intervention, transborder ethnic ties, refugee flows, or other factors related to regional conflict processes. Jenne argues that regional security regimes are ideally suited to the management of internal conflicts, because neighbors that have a strong incentive to work for stability provide critical hard-power backing to soft-power missions. Jenne tests her theory against two regional security regimes in Central and Eastern Europe: the interwar minorities regime under the League of Nations (German minorities in Central Europe, Hungarian minorities in the Carpathian Basin, and disputes over the ?land Islands, Memel, and Danzig), and the ad hoc security regime of the post–Cold War period (focusing on Russian-speaking minorities in the Baltic States and Albanian minorities in Montenegro, Macedonia, and northern Kosovo).
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