A first look at gunpowder's revolutionary impact on China's role in global history
The Chinese invented gunpowder and began exploring its military uses as early as the 900s, four centuries before the technology passed to the West. But by the early 1800s, China had fallen so far behind the West in gunpowder warfare that it was easily defeated by Britain in the Opium War of 1839-42. What happened? In The Gunpowder Age, Tonio Andrade offers a compelling new answer, opening a fresh perspective on a key question of world history: why did the countries of western Europe surge to global importance starting in the 1500s while China slipped behind?
Historians have long argued that gunpowder weapons helped Europeans establish global hegemony. Yet the inhabitants of what is today China not only invented guns and bombs but also, as Andrade shows, continued to innovate in gunpowder technology through the early 1700s--much longer than previously thought. Why, then, did China become so vulnerable? Andrade argues that one significant reason is that it was out of practice fighting wars, having enjoyed nearly a century of relative peace, since 1760. Indeed, he demonstrates that China--like Europe--was a powerful military innovator, particularly during times of great warfare, such as the violent century starting after the Opium War, when the Chinese once again quickly modernized their forces. Today, China is simply returning to its old position as one of the world's great military powers.
By showing that China's military dynamism was deeper, longer lasting, and more quickly recovered than previously understood, The Gunpowder Age challenges long-standing explanations of the so-called Great Divergence between the West and Asia.
Автор: Harvey Sapolsky, Benjamin Friedman, Brendan Green Название: US Military Innovation since the Cold War: Creation Without Destruction ISBN: 0415622301 ISBN-13(EAN): 9780415622301 Издательство: Taylor&Francis Рейтинг: Цена: 53070.00 T Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ. Описание: This book explains how the US military reacted to the `Revolution in Military Affairs` (RMA), and failed to innovate its organization or doctrine to match the technological breakthroughs it brought about.
Автор: G.W.L. Nicholson, Mark Osborne Humphries Название: Canadian Expeditionary Force, 1914-1919: Official History of the Canadian Army in the First World War ISBN: 0773546189 ISBN-13(EAN): 9780773546189 Издательство: Mare Nostrum (Eurospan) Рейтинг: Цена: 41800.00 T Наличие на складе: Невозможна поставка. Описание: Colonel G.W.L. Nicholson's Canadian Expeditionary Force, 1914-1919 was first published by the Department of National Defence in 1962 as the official history of the Canadian Army's involvement in the First World War. Immediately after the war ended Colonel A. Fortescue Duguid made a first attempt to write an official history of the war, but the ill-fated project produced only the first of an anticipated eight volumes. Decades later, G.W.L. Nicholson - already the author of an official history of the Second World War - was commissioned to write a new official history of the First. Illustrated with numerous photographs and full-colour maps, Nicholson's text offers an authoritative account of the war effort, while also discussing politics on the home front, including debates around conscription in 1917. With a new critical introduction by Mark Osborne Humphries that traces the development of Nicholson's text and analyzes its legacy, Canadian Expeditionary Force, 1914-1919 is an essential resource for both professional historians and military history enthusiasts.
Автор: Christopher Duffy Название: By Force of Arms: The Austrian Army and the Seven Years War Volume 2 ISBN: 1911628798 ISBN-13(EAN): 9781911628798 Издательство: Marston Book Services Рейтинг: Цена: 65930.00 T Наличие на складе: Невозможна поставка. Описание: To avenge defeats in a former war, Austria assembled a massive superiority in forces thanks to powerful alliances, and an army reformed and far more effective than ever before. But Prussia hung on, to force a long war and a bloody draw. The brilliance of Frederick the Great and the Prussian army have been given credit for this outcome, but Austria had more than its fair share of good soldiers and skilled generals. Wars never turn out as expected when there are formidable foes, and this book tells what went wrong. This is more than an account of battles and marches. The story of the Seven Years War in Central Europe has been long neglected, and yet it was there that the Austrians (followed closely by the Prussians) broke with the former rigidity of the armies of monarchical Europe, and not just foreshadowed but put into actual effect initiatives that are normally associated with the campaigns of the Revolution and Napoleon. The myth of a limited war leading to indecisive battles is no longer tenable. Not that it lacks a good story of excellent soldiers, some of them left in the limelight when Frederick the Great’s legend was created, and of battles long forgotten. A wealth of maps and as many eyewitness accounts as possible have been used to explain what actually happened. This is a superb account of the war in central Europe, with its emphasis and focus on the operations of the Austrian army, based firmly on primary sources, the majority never before fully explored.
Автор: Tugba Basaran Название: Security, Law and Borders: At the Limits of Liberties ISBN: 0415532434 ISBN-13(EAN): 9780415532433 Издательство: Taylor&Francis Рейтинг: Цена: 53070.00 T Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ. Описание: This book focuses on security practices, civil liberties and the politics of borders in liberal democracies.
Автор: G.W.L. Nicholson Название: Canadian Expeditionary Force, 1914-1919: Official History of the Canadian Army in the First World War, New Edition ISBN: 0773548831 ISBN-13(EAN): 9780773548831 Издательство: Marston Book Services Цена: 44880.00 T Наличие на складе: Невозможна поставка. Описание: Colonel G.W.L. Nicholson''s Canadian Expeditionary Force, 1914-1919 was first published by the Department of National Defence in 1962 as the official history of the Canadian Army’s involvement in the First World War. Immediately after the war ended Colonel A. Fortescue Duguid made a first attempt to write an official history of the war, but the ill-fated project produced only the first of an anticipated eight volumes. Decades later, G.W.L. Nicholson - already the author of an official history of the Second World War - was commissioned to write a new official history of the First. Illustrated with numerous photographs and full-colour maps, Nicholson’s text offers an authoritative account of the war effort, while also discussing politics on the home front, including debates around conscription in 1917. With a new critical introduction by Mark Osborne Humphries that traces the development of Nicholson’s text and analyzes its legacy, Canadian Expeditionary Force, 1914-1919 is an essential resource for both professional historians and military history enthusiasts.
In the immediate aftermath of World War II, the United States Army became the principal agent of American foreign policy. The army designed, implemented, and administered the occupations of the defeated Axis powers Germany and Japan, as well as many other nations. Generals such as Lucius Clay in Germany, Douglas MacArthur in Japan, Mark Clark in Austria, and John Hodge in Korea presided over these territories as proconsuls. At the beginning of the Cold War, more than 300 million people lived under some form of U.S. military authority. The army's influence on nation-building at the time was profound, but most scholarship on foreign policy during this period concentrates on diplomacy at the highest levels of civilian government rather than the armed forces' governance at the local level.
In Army Diplomacy, Hudson explains how U.S. Army policies in the occupied nations represented the culmination of more than a century of military doctrine. Focusing on Germany, Austria, and Korea, Hudson's analysis reveals that while the post--World War II American occupations are often remembered as overwhelming successes, the actual results were mixed. His study draws on military sociology and institutional analysis as well as international relations theory to demonstrate how "bottom-up" decisions not only inform but also create higher-level policy. As the debate over post-conflict occupations continues, this fascinating work offers a valuable perspective on an important yet underexplored facet of Cold War history.
Автор: Malovany Pesach Название: Wars of Modern Babylon: A History of the Iraqi Army from 1921 to 2003 ISBN: 0813169437 ISBN-13(EAN): 9780813169439 Издательство: Marston Book Services Рейтинг: Цена: 71280.00 T Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ. Описание: Malovany analyzes Iraqi participation in the 1948, 1967, and 1973 Arab wars against Israel as well as Iraq`s wars with the Kurds during the twentieth century.
Автор: Violet L Turner, Maddox M Watson Название: Congressional Limits on Military Operations ISBN: 162081398X ISBN-13(EAN): 9781620813980 Издательство: Nova Science Рейтинг: Цена: 83410.00 T Наличие на складе: Невозможна поставка. Описание: Controversy continues over the appropriate role that Congress should play in regulating U.S. military operations against foreign entities. U.S. action against Libya reignited consideration of long-standing questions concerning the Presidents constitutional authority to use military force without congressional authorisation, as well as congressional authority to regulate or limit the use of such force. As Congress considers defence authorisation and appropriate bills, there may be renewed focus on whether or to what extent Congress has the constitutional authority to legislate limits on the Presidents authority to conduct military operations in Afghanistan, Iraq, Libya, or other locations. This book discusses the constitutional provisions allocating war powers between Congress and the President, and presents a historical overview of relevant court cases, and other considerations which may inform congressional decisions on war powers.
Автор: Caroline E. Janney Название: Remembering the Civil War: Reunion and the Limits of Reconciliation ISBN: 1469629895 ISBN-13(EAN): 9781469629896 Издательство: Mare Nostrum (Eurospan) Рейтинг: Цена: 27170.00 T Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ. Описание: As early as 1865, survivors of the Civil War were acutely aware that people were purposefully shaping what would be remembered about the war and what would be omitted from the historical record. In Remembering the Civil War, Caroline E. Janney examines how the war generation - men and women, black and white, Unionists and Confederates - crafted and protected their memories of the nation's greatest conflict. Janney maintains that the participants never fully embraced the reconciliation so famously represented in handshakes across stone walls. Instead, both Union and Confederate veterans, and most especially their respective women's organizations, clung tenaciously to their own causes well into the twentieth century. Janney explores the subtle yet important differences between reunion and reconciliation and argues that the Unionist and Emancipationist memories of the war never completely gave way to the story Confederates told. She challenges the idea that white northerners and southerners salved their war wounds through shared ideas about race and shows that debates about slavery often proved to be among the most powerful obstacles to reconciliation.
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