Автор: Martin Parrott Название: Grammar for English Language Teachers Second edition Paperback ISBN: 0521712041 ISBN-13(EAN): 9780521712040 Издательство: Cambridge University Press Рейтинг: Цена: 53340.00 T Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ. Описание: The book provides practical ideas for planning lessons, with clear explanations. Easy exercises encourage teachers to understand factors affecting grammatical choices, transferring that knowledge to their students. Analysis of real learner errors from the Cambridge Corpus develops teachers` ability to deal with students` common mistakes.
Автор: Coulthard Malcolm, Montgomery Martin Название: Studies in Discourse Analysis (Rle Linguistics B: Grammar) ISBN: 1138983187 ISBN-13(EAN): 9781138983182 Издательство: Taylor&Francis Рейтинг: Цена: 32860.00 T Наличие на складе: Есть Описание: The book explores ways in which the formal methods of linguistics can cast light on the structure of verbal interaction, and in particular considers how successive utterances cohere together in continuous spoken discourse. Beginning with an earlier model of discourse analysis elaborated to deal with teacher-pupil interaction in the classroom, it then reviews attempts to extend this model to a variety of discourses such as committee talk, doctor-patient interviews, broadcast discussions and the monologue of lectures. The extension of the original model to other situations has prompted a number of innovations and additional insights which are expounded in a series of contributions linked by complimentary themes. There are contributions on the role of intonation and of kinetics in discourse analysis; explorations of the problems of the analytic category ‘sentence’ and of the problems raised by casual conversation; and there is extended discussion of the structural properties underlying exchanges of utterances. The book moves easily between data and theory, forming a unified whole. It sums up a continuing and lively debate within a common tradition of discourse analysis and may well serve as a programmatic statement for future work in the field.
For Roy Harris, the fundamental problem about linguistics is that it has been led astray by the fact that we are capable intellectually of 'decontextualising' our own verbal behaviour. A whole interlocking system of doctrines about forms, meanings and communication has arisen designed to support the idea that one particular kind of decontextualising analysis is a prerequisite for, rather than a retrospective reflection on, that behaviour. Against this, in 13 essays collected here for the first time, Harris argues for a fresh start, which recognises that we create language 'as we go', both as individuals and as communities, just as we create our social structures, forms of artistic expression, moral values, and everything else we call civilisation. If Harris's thought can be put in a nutshell, it is that all utterances (whether written or spoken) have to appear in a context, and that context is an integral part of the utterance. There is no such thing as a contextless utterance.
Автор: Ball Martin J. Название: Theoretical Linguistics and Disordered Language (Rle Linguistics B: Grammar) ISBN: 1138998214 ISBN-13(EAN): 9781138998216 Издательство: Taylor&Francis Рейтинг: Цена: 46950.00 T Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ. Описание: The rapid increase of interest in disordered speech and language among linguists over the past decade or so has resulted in many books of practical help to speech pathologists in terms of assessment and remediation. Little, however, has appeared to examine the theoretical implications of the interaction between these two fields. This book aims to fill this gap, by showing how speech pathology can inform linguistic theory and vice versa.
Автор: Schlesinger I. M. Название: Production and Comprehension of Utterances (Rle Linguistics B: Grammar) ISBN: 1138983861 ISBN-13(EAN): 9781138983861 Издательство: Taylor&Francis Рейтинг: Цена: 30610.00 T Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ. Описание: In this volume, the author reviews the results of research on language performance and proposes a model of production and comprehension. Although recent developments in linguistics are taken into account, consideration of other requirements of a performance model leads to the conclusion that the grammar the speaker has in mind differs from the grammar as currently conceived of by most linguists. The author is also critical of recent computer simulations of language performance on the basis that they fall short of describing what goes on in human production and comprehension. The author therefore proposes that the basic issues must be rethought and new theoretical foundations reformulated, in order to arrive at a viable theory of language functioning. In developing the framework of the model presented in this book, requirements of flexibility in the performance mechanisms, the probabilistic nature of comprehension processes, and the interleaving of linguistic rules with context and knowledge of the world are emphasized.
Автор: Finer Название: The Formal Grammar of Switch-Reference (RLE Linguistics B: Grammar) ISBN: 0415723701 ISBN-13(EAN): 9780415723701 Издательство: Taylor&Francis Рейтинг: Цена: 148010.00 T Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ. Описание: This book studies the syntax of switch-reference and its implications for the theory of grammar. Switch-reference, found in many genetically and geographically diverse languages, is a phenomenon whereby referential identity between subjects of hierarchically adjacent clauses is encoded by the presence of a morpheme, usually suffixed to the verb of the subordinate clause. This book argues that switch-reference should be analysed as a syntactic rather than a purely pragmatic or functional feature of language.
Автор: Keenan Название: Universal Grammar (RLE Linguistics A: General Linguistics) ISBN: 0415715865 ISBN-13(EAN): 9780415715867 Издательство: Taylor&Francis Рейтинг: Цена: 183750.00 T Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ. Описание:
This collection of 15 articles reflects Edward Keenan's long-standing research interests in the comparative syntax of the languages of the world. It includes two seminal 'foundation' articles, Noun Phrase Accessibility and Universal Grammar (with Bernard Comrie) and Towards a Universal Definition of 'Subject of'. Most of the other articles have appeared in a variety of relatively inaccessible places, and so this book brings together for the first time a large body of work supporting the research directions taken in the foundation articles. In addition, one article of a psycholinguistic sort was specially prepared for this volume.
Автор: Lumsden Название: Existential Sentences (RLE Linguistics B: Grammar) ISBN: 0415723698 ISBN-13(EAN): 9780415723695 Издательство: Taylor&Francis Рейтинг: Цена: 148010.00 T Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ. Описание: What is the relationship between the structure of existential sentences and their meaning? How do hearers interpret existential sentences using pragmatic assumptions? This study attempts to account for the relationship between the structure of existential sentences (ES) and their meaning. The study of ES has received a great deal of attention because the construction has complex syntactic properties, is associated with restrictions of a semantic nature, and provides an interesting area for investigation at a pragmatic level.
Автор: Jones Christian Название: Corpus Linguistics for Grammar ISBN: 0415746418 ISBN-13(EAN): 9780415746410 Издательство: Taylor&Francis Рейтинг: Цена: 40820.00 T Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ. Описание:
Corpus Linguistics for Grammar provides an accessible and practical introduction to the use of corpus linguistics to analyse grammar, demonstrating the wider application of corpus data and providing readers with all the skills and information they need to carry out their own corpus-based research.
This book:
explores the kinds of corpora available and the tools which can be used to analyse them;
looks at specific ways in which features of grammar can be explored using a corpus through analysis of areas such as frequency and colligation;
contains exercises, worked examples and suggestions for further practice with each chapter;
provides three illustrative examples of potential research projects in the areas of English Literature, TESOL and English Language.
Corpus Linguistics for Grammar is essential reading for students undertaking corpus-based research into grammar, or studying within the areas of English Language, Literature, Applied Linguistics and TESOL.
Автор: Tomlin Russell S. Название: Basic Word Order (Rle Linguistics B: Grammar): Functional Principles ISBN: 1138964425 ISBN-13(EAN): 9781138964426 Издательство: Taylor&Francis Рейтинг: Цена: 48990.00 T Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ. Описание: This book examines the frequencies of the six possible basic word (or constituent) orders (SOV, SVO, VSO, VOS, OSV, OVS) provides a typologically grounded explanation for those frequencies in terms of three independent, functional principles of linguistic organization. From a database of nearly 1,000 languages and their basic constituent orders, a sample of 400 languages was produced that is statistically representative of both the genetic and areal distributions of the world’s languages. This sample reveals the following relative frequencies (in order from high to low) of basic constituent order types: (1) SOV and SVO, (2) VSO, (3) VOS and OVS, (4) OSV. It is argued that these relative frequencies can be explained to be the result of the possible interactions of three fundamental functional principles of linguistic organization. Principle 1, the thematic information principle, specifies that initial position is the cross-linguistically favoured position for clause-level thematic information. Principle 2, the verb-object bonding principle, describes the cross-linguistic tendency for a transitive verb and its object to form a more tightly integrated unit, syntactically and semantically, than does a transitive verb and its subject. Principle 3, the animated principle, describes the cross-linguistic tendency for semantic arguments which are either more animate or more agentive to occur earlier in the clause. Each principle is motivated independently of the others, drawing on cross-linguistic data from more than 80 genetically and typologically diverse languages. Given these three independently motivated functional principles, it is argued that the relative frequency of basic constituent order types is due to the tendency for the three principles to be maximally realized in the world’s languages. SOV and SVO languages are typologically most frequent because such basic orders reflect all three principles. The remaining orders occur less frequently because they reflect fewer of the principles. The 1,000-language database and the genetic and areal classification frames are published as appendices to the volume.
Автор: Waltz David L. Название: Semantic Structures (Rle Linguistics B: Grammar): Advances in Natural Language Processing ISBN: 113898163X ISBN-13(EAN): 9781138981638 Издательство: Taylor&Francis Рейтинг: Цена: 46950.00 T Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ. Описание: Natural language understanding is central to the goals of artificial intelligence. Any truly intelligent machine must be capable of carrying on a conversation: dialogue, particularly clarification dialogue, is essential if we are to avoid disasters caused by the misunderstanding of the intelligent interactive systems of the future. This book is an interim report on the grand enterprise of devising a machine that can use natural language as fluently as a human. What has really been achieved since this goal was first formulated in Turing’s famous test? What obstacles still need to be overcome?
Автор: Barlow Название: A Situated Theory of Agreement (RLE Linguistics B: Grammar) ISBN: 0415723833 ISBN-13(EAN): 9780415723831 Издательство: Taylor&Francis Рейтинг: Цена: 153120.00 T Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ. Описание: Typical cases of agreement are easy to identify, but where the boundaries of agreement lie depend on what aspects of the agreement relation are considered to be defining properties. It is a short step from viewing agreement in the traditional way, as a matching of features, to defining agreement as any relation that ensures consistency of information in two separate structures. This book takes as its topic agreement as it is traditionally conceived, one that only involves morphosyntactic categories.
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