Professor Dr. Y. P. S. Bajaj Somaclonal Variation in Crop Improvement I 9783642080777

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Автор: Professor Dr. Y. P. S. Bajaj
Название: Somaclonal Variation in Crop Improvement I
ISBN: 9783642080777
Издательство: Springer
Классификация:

Клеточная биология (цитология)

Ботаника и науки о растениях

Лесное хозяйство и лесоводство: практика и методы

ISBN-10: 3642080774
Обложка/Формат: Paperback
Страницы: 685
Вес: 0.97 кг.
Дата издания: 15.12.2010
Серия: Biotechnology in Agriculture and Forestry
Язык: English
Размер: 234 x 156 x 36
Основная тема: Life Sciences
Ссылка на Издательство: Link
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Поставляется из: Германии
Описание: Genetic erosions in plant cell cultures, especially in chromosome number and ploidy level, have now been known for over 25 years. Until the mid -1970ssuch changes were consideredundesirable and thereforediscarded because the main emphasis wason clonal propagation and genetic stability of cultures. However, since the publication on somaclonal variation by Larkin and Scowcroft (1981) there has been a renewed interest to utilize these in vitro obtained variations for crop improvement. Studies conduc- ted during the last decade have shown that callus cultures, especially on peridical subculturing over an extended period of time, undergo morpho- logical and genetic changes, i. e. polyploidy, aneuploidy, chromosome breakage, deletions, translocations, gene amplification, inversions, muta- tions, etc. In addition, there are changes at the molecular and biochemical levelsincluding changes in the DNA, enzymes, proteins, etc. Suchchanges are now intentionally induced, and useful variants are selected. For instance in agricultural crops such as potato, tomato, tobacco, maize, rice and sugarcane, plants showing tolerance to a number of diseases, viruses, herbicides and salinity, have been isolated in cell cultures. Likewise induction of male sterility in rice, and wheat showing various levels of fer- tility and gliadin, have been developed in vitro. These academic excercises open new avenues for plant breeders and pathologists. Another area of tremendous commercial importance in the pharmaceuti- cal industry is the selection of cell lines showing high levels of medicinal and industrial compounds. Already high shikonin containing somaclones in Lithospermum are being used commercially.

Somaclonal Variation in Crop Improvement I, Professor Dr. Y. P. S. Bajaj