Автор: Kuhn Thomas S. Название: The Structure of Scientific Revolutions: 50th Anniversary Edition ISBN: 0226458121 ISBN-13(EAN): 9780226458120 Издательство: Wiley Рейтинг: Цена: 15840.00 T Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ. Описание: Challenges long-standing linear notions of scientific progress, arguing that transformative ideas don`t arise from the day-to-day, gradual process of experimentation and data accumulation, but that revolutions in science, those breakthrough moments that disrupt accepted thinking and offer unanticipated ideas, occur outside of normal science.
Автор: Lightman Bernard, Dawson Gowan Название: Victorian Scientific Naturalism: Community, Identity, Continuity ISBN: 022610950X ISBN-13(EAN): 9780226109503 Издательство: Wiley Рейтинг: Цена: 44350.00 T Наличие на складе: Поставка под заказ. Описание: Examines the secular creeds of the generation of intellectuals who, in the wake of The Origin of Species, wrested cultural authority from the old Anglican establishment while installing themselves as a new professional scientific elite.
A broad theory of research methodology for psychology and the behavioral sciences that offers a coherent treatment of a range of behavioral research methods.
This book considers scientific method in the behavioral sciences, with particular reference to psychology. Psychologists learn about research methods and use them to conduct their research, but their training teaches them little about the nature of scientific method itself. In Investigating the Psychological World, Brian Haig fills this gap. Drawing on behavioral science methodology, the philosophy of science, and statistical theory, Haig constructs a broad theory of scientific method that has particular relevance for the behavioral sciences. He terms this account of method the abductive theory of method (ATOM) in recognition of the importance it assigns to explanatory reasoning. ATOM offers the framework for a coherent treatment of a range of quantitative and qualitative behavioral research methods, giving equal treatment to data-analytic methods and methods of theory construction.
Haig draws on the new experimentalism in the philosophy of science to reconstruct the process of phenomena detection as it applies to psychology; he considers the logic and purpose of exploratory factor analysis; he discusses analogical modeling as a means of theory development; and he recommends the use of inference to the best explanation for evaluating theories in psychology. Finally, he outlines the nature of research problems, discusses the nature of the abductive method, and describes applications of the method to grounded theory method and clinical reasoning. The book will be of interest not only to philosophers of science but also to psychological researchers who want to deepen their conceptual understanding of research methods and methodological concerns.
An analysis of two heuristic strategies for the development of mechanistic models, illustrated with historical examples from the life sciences.
In Discovering Complexity, William Bechtel and Robert Richardson examine two heuristics that guided the development of mechanistic models in the life sciences: decomposition and localization. Drawing on historical cases from disciplines including cell biology, cognitive neuroscience, and genetics, they identify a number of "choice points" that life scientists confront in developing mechanistic explanations and show how different choices result in divergent explanatory models. Describing decomposition as the attempt to differentiate functional and structural components of a system and localization as the assignment of responsibility for specific functions to specific structures, Bechtel and Richardson examine the usefulness of these heuristics as well as their fallibility -- the sometimes false assumption underlying them that nature is significantly decomposable and hierarchically organized.
When Discovering Complexity was originally published in 1993, few philosophers of science perceived the centrality of seeking mechanisms to explain phenomena in biology, relying instead on the model of nomological explanation advanced by the logical positivists (a model Bechtel and Richardson found to be utterly inapplicable to the examples from the life sciences in their study). Since then, mechanism and mechanistic explanation have become widely discussed. In a substantive new introduction to this MIT Press edition of their book, Bechtel and Richardson examine both philosophical and scientific developments in research on mechanistic models since 1993.
Автор: N.J. Nersessian Название: Faraday to Einstein: Constructing Meaning in Scientific Theories ISBN: 9024729971 ISBN-13(EAN): 9789024729975 Издательство: Springer Рейтинг: Цена: 153690.00 T Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ. Описание: However, nearly every- one - including scientists - agrees that the concepts of modem physics are quite incomprehensible: They are both unintelligible to the educated lay-person and to the scientific community itself, where there is much dispute over the interpretation of even (and especially) the most basic concepts.
Автор: Maria Carla Galavotti; A. Pagnini Название: Experience, Reality, and Scientific Explanation ISBN: 0792354974 ISBN-13(EAN): 9780792354970 Издательство: Springer Рейтинг: Цена: 139750.00 T Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ. Описание: Contains essays that cover topics related to the work of Merrilee and Wesley Salmon. This volume includes discussions of scientific explanation, rationality, inference and induction, social behaviour, philosophy of physics and biology. It is intended for scholars and researchers in such fields as philosophy of science and epistemology.
Автор: Jed Z. Buchwald Название: Scientific Credibility and Technical Standards in 19th and early 20th century Germany and Britain ISBN: 0792347625 ISBN-13(EAN): 9780792347620 Издательство: Springer Рейтинг: Цена: 71730.00 T Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ. Описание: Contains articles which explicitly and intentionally cross boundaries between science and technology, and illuminate one another. This volume argues that we must begin to think about the role that science actually did play when it was explicitly deployed by technologists.
Автор: Maria Luisa Dalla Chiara; Kees Doets; Daniele Mund Название: Logic and Scientific Methods ISBN: 0792343832 ISBN-13(EAN): 9780792343837 Издательство: Springer Рейтинг: Цена: 309330.00 T Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ. Описание: Contains the papers submitted by the participants to the Tenth International Congress of Logic, Methodology and Philosophy of Science, held in Florence, August 1995. This work covers the traditional subdisciplines of mathematical logic and philosophical logic, as well as their interfaces with computer science, linguistics and philosophy.
Автор: Peter J. Riggs Название: Natural Kinds, Laws of Nature and Scientific Methodology ISBN: 0792342259 ISBN-13(EAN): 9780792342250 Издательство: Springer Рейтинг: Цена: 153690.00 T Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ. Описание: Issues covered in this collection of essays include: the nature of physical laws; the basic entities that we can expect the world to consist of; the problem of induction; the aim(s) of science; the discovery of natural laws through scientific methods; and natural necessity and its status.
Автор: K. Gavroglu; John Stachel; Marx W. Wartofsky Название: Physics, Philosophy, and the Scientific Community ISBN: 0792329880 ISBN-13(EAN): 9780792329886 Издательство: Springer Рейтинг: Цена: 208700.00 T Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ. Описание: In three volumes, this book contains contributions from a distinguished group of scholars from a variety of disciplines in the natural and social sciences, the humanities and the arts. The essays presented herein focus on philosophical and historical issues in contemporary physics.
Автор: P. Humphreys Название: Patrick Suppes: Scientific Philosopher ISBN: 0792328620 ISBN-13(EAN): 9780792328629 Издательство: Springer Рейтинг: Цена: 277650.00 T Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ. Описание: Patrick Suppes is a philosopher and scientist whose contributions range over probability and statistics, mathematical and experimental psychology. This work features papers that were commissioned with the mandate of advancing research in their respective fields rather than retrospectively surveying the contributions that Suppes himself has made.
Автор: Martin Carrier Название: The Completeness of Scientific Theories ISBN: 0792324757 ISBN-13(EAN): 9780792324751 Издательство: Springer Рейтинг: Цена: 186290.00 T Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ. Описание: Earlier in this century, many philosophers of science (for example, Rudolf Carnap) drew a fairly sharp distinction between theory and observation, between theoretical terms like `mass` and `electron`, and observation terms like `measures three meters in length` and `is _2 Degrees Celsius`.
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