An Introduction to Mathematical Logic

Автор: Oden J.
Название: An Introduction to the Mathematical Theory of Finite Elements
ISBN: 0486462994 ISBN-13(EAN): 9780486462998
Издательство: Dover
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Цена: 24820.00 T
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Описание: This introduction to the theory of Sobolev spaces and Hilbert space methods in partial differential equations is geared toward readers of modest mathematical backgrounds. It offers coherent, accessible demonstrations of the use of these techniques in developing the foundations of the theory of finite element approximations.
J. T. Oden is Director of the Institute for Computational Engineering & Sciences (ICES) at the University of Texas at Austin, and J. N. Reddy is a Professor of Engineering at Texas A&M University. They developed this essentially self-contained text from their seminars and courses for students with diverse educational backgrounds. Their effective presentation begins with introductory accounts of the theory of distributions, Sobolev spaces, intermediate spaces and duality, the theory of elliptic equations, and variational boundary value problems. The second half of the text explores the theory of finite element interpolation, finite element methods for elliptic equations, and finite element methods for initial boundary value problems. Detailed proofs of the major theorems appear throughout the text, in addition to numerous examples.

Автор: Curry Haskell B.
Название: Foundations of Mathematical Logic
ISBN: 0486634620 ISBN-13(EAN): 9780486634623
Издательство: Dover
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Цена: 24780.00 T
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Описание: This book is a thoroughly documented and comprehensive account of the constructive theory of the first-order predicate calculus. This is a calculus that is central to modern mathematical logic and important for mathematicians, philosophers, and scientists whose work impinges upon logic.
Professor Curry begins by asking a simple question: What is mathematical logic? If we can define logic as "the analysis and criticism of thought" (W. E. Johnson), then mathematical logic is, according to Curry, "a branch of mathematics which has much the same relation to the analysis and criticism of thought as geometry does to the science of space."
The first half of the book gives the basic principles and outlines of the field. After a general introduction to the subject, the author discusses formal methods including algorithms and epitheory. A brief treatment of the Markov treatment of algorithms is included here. The elementary facts about lattices and similar algebraic systems are then covered. In the second half of the book Curry investigates the possibility for a formulation that expresses the meaning to be attached to the logical connectives and to develop the properties that follow from the assumptions so motivated. The author covers positive connectives: implication, conjunction, and alternation. He then goes on to negation and quantification, and concludes with modal operations. Extensive use is made in these latter chapters of the work of Gentzen. Lists of exercises are included.
Haskell B. Curry, Evan Pugh Research Professor, Emeritus, at Pennsylvania State University, was a member of the Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton; a former Director of the Institute for Foundational Research, the University of Amsterdam; and President of the Association for Symbolic Logic. His book avoids a doctrinaire stance, presenting various interpretations of logical systems, and offers philosophical and reflective as well as mathematical perspectives.

Автор: Smullyan, Raymond
Название: A Beginner`s Guide to Mathematical Logic
ISBN: 0486492370 ISBN-13(EAN): 9780486492377
Издательство: Dover
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Цена: 20640.00 T
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Описание: Written by a creative master of mathematical logic, this introductory text combines stories of great philosophers, quotations, and riddles with the fundamentals of mathematical logic. Author Raymond Smullyan offers clear, incremental presentations of difficult logic concepts. He highlights each subject with inventive explanations and unique problems.
Smullyan's accessible narrative provides memorable examples of concepts related to proofs, propositional logic and first-order logic, incompleteness theorems, and incompleteness proofs. Additional topics include undecidability, combinatoric logic, and recursion theory. Suitable for undergraduate and graduate courses, this book will also amuse and enlighten mathematically minded readers. 2014 edition.

Автор: Russell, Bertrand
Название: Introduction to Mathematical Philosophy
ISBN: 0486277240 ISBN-13(EAN): 9780486277240
Издательство: Dover
Цена: 10710.00 T
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Описание:

In the words of Bertrand Russell, "Because language is misleading, as well as because it is diffuse and inexact when applied to logic (for which it was never intended), logical symbolism is absolutely necessary to any exact or thorough treatment of mathematical philosophy." That assertion underlies this book, a seminal work in the field for more than 70 years. In it, Russell offers a nontechnical, undogmatic account of his philosophical criticism as it relates to arithmetic and logic. Rather than an exhaustive treatment, however, the influential philosopher and mathematician focuses on certain issues of mathematical logic that, to his mind, invalidated much traditional and contemporary philosophy.
In dealing with such topics as number, order, relations, limits and continuity, propositional functions, descriptions, and classes, Russell writes in a clear, accessible manner, requiring neither a knowledge of mathematics nor an aptitude for mathematical symbolism. The result is a thought-provoking excursion into the fascinating realm where mathematics and philosophy meet -- a philosophical classic that will be welcomed by any thinking person interested in this crucial area of modern thought.

Автор: Cinlar, Erhan
Название: Introduction to Stochastic Processes
ISBN: 0486497976 ISBN-13(EAN): 9780486497976
Издательство: Dover
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Цена: 28950.00 T
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Описание: This clear presentation of the most fundamental models of random phenomena employs methods that recognize computer-related aspects of theory. The text emphasizes the modern viewpoint, in which the primary concern is the behavior of sample paths. By employing matrix algebra and recursive methods, rather than transform methods, it provides techniques readily adaptable to computing with machines.
Topics include probability spaces and random variables, expectations and independence, Bernoulli processes and sums of independent random variables, Poisson processes, Markov chains and processes, and renewal theory. Assuming some background in calculus but none in measure theory, the complete, detailed, and well-written treatment is suitable for engineering students in applied mathematics and operations research courses as well as those in a wide variety of other scientific fields. Many numerical examples, worked out in detail, appear throughout the text, in addition to numerous end-of-chapter exercises and answers to selected exercises.