Objectivity: The Obligations of Impersonal Reason, Nicholas Rescher
Автор: Daston Lorraine, Galison Peter Название: Objectivity ISBN: 189095179X ISBN-13(EAN): 9781890951795 Издательство: Wiley Рейтинг: Цена: 31680.00 T Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ. Описание: Objectivity has a history, and it is full of surprises. In Objectivity, Lorraine Daston and Peter Galison chart the emergence of objectivity in the mid-nineteenth-century sciences--and show how the concept differs from its alternatives, truth-to-nature and trained judgment. This is a story of lofty epistemic ideals fused with workaday practices in the making of scientific images. From the eighteenth through the early twenty-first centuries, the images that reveal the deepest commitments of the empirical sciences--from anatomy to crystallography--are those featured in scientific atlases, the compendia that teach practitioners what is worth looking at and how to look at it. Galison and Daston use atlas images to uncover a hidden history of scientific objectivity and its rivals. Whether an atlas maker idealizes an image to capture the essentials in the name of truth-to-nature or refuses to erase even the most incidental detail in the name of objectivity or highlights patterns in the name of trained judgment is a decision enforced by an ethos as well as by an epistemology. As Daston and Galison argue, atlases shape the subjects as well as the objects of science. To pursue objectivity--or truth-to-nature or trained judgment--is simultaneously to cultivate a distinctive scientific self wherein knowing and knower converge. Moreover, the very point at which they visibly converge is in the very act of seeing not as a separate individual but as a member of a particular scientific community. Embedded in the atlas image, therefore, are the traces of consequential choices about knowledge, persona, and collective sight. Objectivity is a book addressed to anyone interested in the elusive and crucial notion of objectivity-- and in what it means to peer into the world scientifically. Lorraine Daston is Director at the Max Planck Institute for the History of Science in Berlin, Germany. She is the coauthor of Wonders and the Order of Nature, 1150-1750 and the editor of Things That Talk: Object Lessons from Art and Science (both Zone Books). Peter Galison is Pellegrino University Professor of the History of Science and of Physics at Harvard University. He is the author of Einstein's Clocks, Poincare's Maps: Empires of Time, How Experiments End, and Image and Logic: A Material Culture of Microphysics, and other books, and coeditor (with Emily Thompson) of The Architecture of Science (MIT Press, 1999).
Автор: Machan, Tibor R. Название: Objectivity ISBN: 113862005X ISBN-13(EAN): 9781138620056 Издательство: Taylor&Francis Рейтинг: Цена: 42870.00 T Наличие на складе: Невозможна поставка. Описание: Objectivity stands in need of a defence because it is a difficult ideal to serve, especially in an era of multiculturalism, deconstructionism, feminism, and diversity. This book considers and responds to these and similar challenges to objectivity.
Several debates of the last years within the research field of contemporary realism – known under titles such as "New Realism," "Continental Realism," or "Speculative Materialism" – have shown that science is not systematically the ultimate measure of truth and reality. This does not mean that we should abandon the notions of truth or objectivity all together, as has been posited repeatedly within certain currents of twentieth century philosophy. However, within the research field of contemporary realism, the concept of objectivity itself has not been adequately refined. What is objective is supposed to be true outside a subject’s biases, interpretations and opinions, having truth conditions that are met by the way the world is. The volume combines articles of internationally outstanding authors who have published on either Idealism, Epistemic Relativism, or Realism and often locate themselves within one of these divergent schools of thought. As such, the volume focuses on these traditions with the aim of clarifying what the concept objectivity nowadays stands for within contemporary ontology and epistemology beyond the analytic-continental divide.
With articles from: Jocelyn Benoist, Ray Brassier, G. Anthony Bruno, Dominik Finkelde, Markus Gabriel, Deborah Goldgaber, Iain Hamilton Grant, Graham Harman, Johannes Hubner, Andrea Kern, Anton F. Koch, Martin Kusch, Paul M. Livingston, Paul Redding, Sebastian Rodl, Dieter Sturma.
Автор: Francesca Boccuni; Andrea Sereni Название: Objectivity, Realism, and Proof ISBN: 3319810855 ISBN-13(EAN): 9783319810850 Издательство: Springer Рейтинг: Цена: 121110.00 T Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ. Описание: SECTION I: MATHEMATICAL OBJECTS AND AXIOMATIZATION.- PART I: THE VARIETIES OF MATHEMATICAL OBJECTS.- Chapter 1: Semantic Nominalism: How I learned to Stop Worrying and Love Universals; Aldo Antonelli.- Chapter 2: Modality, Abstract Structures and Second-Order Logic; Robert Black.- Chapter 3: Category Theory and Set Theory: Algebraic Set Theory as an Example of their Interaction; Brice Halimi.- PART II: AXIOMS AND SET THEORY.- Chapter 4: Absolute Infinity; Leon Horsten.- Chapter 5: Forcing, multiverse and realism; Giorgio Venturi.- Chapter 6: True V or not True V, that is the Question; Gianluigi Oliveri.- SECTION II: REFERENCE AND EPISTEMOLOGY.- PART III: THE PROBLEM OF REFERENCE.- Chapter 7: Numbering Planets and Equating Facts; Robert Knowles.- Chapter 8: Multiversism and the Problem of Reference: How much Relativism is Acceptable? Neil Barton.- PART IV: MATHEMATICAL EPISTEMOLOGY AND COGNITION.- Chapter 9: The modal status of arithmetical truths in a contextual a priori framework; Markus Pantsar.- Chapter 10: Epistemology, Ontology and Application in Pincock's Account: A Weak Link? Marina Imocrante.- Chapter 11: Bootstrapping Rebooted; Mario Santos-Sousa.- SECTION III: FORMAL THEORIES AND THEIR PHILOSOPHY.- PART V: TRUTH AND FORMAL THEORIES.- Chapter 12: Incompleteness and the Flow of Truth; Mario Piazza.- Chapter 13: Notes on Axiomatic Truth and Predicative Comprehension; Carlo Nicolai.- PART VI: INFORMAL NOTIONS AND FORMAL ANALYSIS.- Chapter 14: Logic of Grounding: An Alternative Approach; Francesca Poggiolesi.- Chapter 15: Computability, Finiteness and the Standard Model of Arithmetic; Massimiliano Carrara and Enrico Martino and Matteo Plebani.- Chapter 16: The Significance of Categoricity for Formal Theories and Informal Beliefs; Samantha Pollock.
Автор: Peter Baofu Название: Future of Post-Human Probability: Towards a New Theory of Objectivity & Subjectivity ISBN: 162948671X ISBN-13(EAN): 9781629486710 Издательство: Nova Science Рейтинг: Цена: 350580.00 T Наличие на складе: Невозможна поставка. Описание: Is the degree of probability that an individual holds when betting on a particular outcome really so subjective that, as Frank Ramsey once argued, "objective logical relations" do not exist and that "probability is the logic of partial belief"? (WK 2012a) This subjective interpretation of probability can be contrasted with an objective view by John Keynes, who argued instead that "logical probabilities are conceived to be objective, logical relations between propositions (or sentences), and hence not to depend in any way upon belief". (WK 2012) Contrary to these opposing interpretations (and other ones as will be discussed in the book), probability (in relation to both objectivity and subjectivity) are neither possible (nor impossible) nor desirable (or undesirable) to the extent that the respective ideologues (on different sides) would like us to believe. Surely, this questioning of the opposing interpretations on probability does not entail that probability is useless, or that those fields related to probability (like "statistics, finance, gambling, science, artificial intelligence/machine learning and philosophy") are not worth studying. Needless to say, neither of these extreme views is reasonable. Instead, this book offers an alternative way to understand the future of probability, especially in the dialectic context of objectivity and subjectivity -- while learning from different approaches in the literature but without favouring any one of them (nor integrating them, since they are not necessarily compatible with each other). More specifically, this book offers a new theory (that is, the interpretivist theory of probability) in order to go beyond the existing approaches in a novel way. To understand this, the book is organised in four chapters. This seminal project will fundamentally change the way that we think about probability in relation to objectivity and subjectivity from the combined perspectives of the mind, nature, society, and culture, with enormous implications for the human future and what I originally called its "post-human" fate.
Автор: Gertrudis Van De Vijver Название: Objectivity after Kant: Its Meaning, its Limitations, its Fateful Omissions ISBN: 3487148978 ISBN-13(EAN): 9783487148977 Издательство: Gazelle Book Services Рейтинг: Цена: 64330.00 T Наличие на складе: Невозможна поставка. Описание: The constraint is the possibility - this was the idea behind a conference that took place in Gent (Belgium) in 2010, under the title "Yes we Kant! Critical reflections on objectivity", and where many of the papers included in this volume were first presented. The questions addressed there all regarded the nature and meaning of objectivity, and how and whether Immanuel Kants theory of constitution can still prove relevant to such philosophical concerns. This involves, of course, careful exegesis of Kants works, but as the Prussian sage himself recognised: it is the spirit, and not the letter of a philosophers oeuvre that one should seek to grasp. This volume, then, seeks to explore to what extent the idea that the constraint is the possibility captures the spirit of transcendental philosophy. In the "Critique of Pure Reason", this idea finds expression in the metaphor of the dove, who regrets that air resistance keeps him from flying ever higher, but forgets that it is this same resistance that keeps him aloft. In much the same way, the limitations and constraints on knowledge may be the very conditions of possibility for objectivity, and not the reasons for its impossibility.
Автор: Bruce R. Reichenbach Название: Epistemic Obligations: Truth, Individualism, and the Limits of Belief ISBN: 1602586233 ISBN-13(EAN): 9781602586239 Издательство: Gazelle Book Services Рейтинг: Цена: 45050.00 T Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ. Описание: Grounding his argument in practical case studies, Reichenbach deftly demonstrates the necessity of moral accountability and belief.--Paul Moser, Professor and Chairperson, Department of Philosophy, Loyola University Chicago "Choice"
Автор: Christel Fricke, Dagfinn Follesdal Название: Intersubjectivity and Objectivity in Adam Smith and Edmund Husserl: A Collection of Essays ISBN: 3110325187 ISBN-13(EAN): 9783110325188 Издательство: Walter de Gruyter Рейтинг: Цена: 148700.00 T Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ. Описание: This series aims to present work by authors who conceive of philosophy as a cooperative scientific enterprise. In this sense it is guided by the methodological ideal of analytic philosophy, while also being open to contributions from any area of philosophy,both of historical or systematic nature.
Автор: Boccuni Название: Objectivity, Realism, and Proof ISBN: 3319316427 ISBN-13(EAN): 9783319316420 Издательство: Springer Рейтинг: Цена: 111790.00 T Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ. Описание:
This volume covers a wide range of topics in the most recent debates in the philosophy of mathematics, and is dedicated to how semantic, epistemological, ontological and logical issues interact in the attempt to give a satisfactory picture of mathematical knowledge.The essays collected here explore the semantic and epistemic problems raised by different kinds of mathematical objects, by their characterization in terms of axiomatic theories, and by the objectivity of both pure and applied mathematics. They investigate controversial aspects of contemporary theories such as neo-logicist abstractionism, structuralism, or multiversism about sets, by discussing different conceptions of mathematical realism and rival relativistic views on the mathematical universe. They consider fundamental philosophical notions such as set, cardinal number, truth, ground, finiteness and infinity, examining how their informal conceptions can best be captured in formal theories.The philosophy of mathematics is an extremely lively field of inquiry, with extensive reaches in disciplines such as logic and philosophy of logic, semantics, ontology, epistemology, cognitive sciences, as well as history and philosophy of mathematics and science. By bringing together well-known scholars and younger researchers, the essays in this collection – prompted by the meetings of the Italian Network for the Philosophy of Mathematics (FilMat) – show how much valuable research is currently being pursued in this area, and how many roads ahead are still open for promising solutions to long-standing philosophical concerns.Promoted by the Italian Network for the Philosophy of Mathematics – FilMat
Автор: Honderich Ted Название: Morality and Objectivity (Routledge Revivals): A Tribute to J. L. MacKie ISBN: 0415677424 ISBN-13(EAN): 9780415677424 Издательство: Taylor&Francis Рейтинг: Цена: 46950.00 T Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ. Описание: The late J. L. Mackie and his work were a focus for much of the best philosophical thinking in the Oxford tradition. His moral thought centres on that most fundamental issue in moral philosophy – the issue of whether our moral judgements are in some way objective. The contributors to this volume, first published in 1985, are among the most distinguished figures in moral philosophy, and their essays in tribute to John Mackie present views at the forefront of the subject. Five of the essays give a new understanding of the objectivity of moral judgements. These are by Simon Blackburn, R.M. Hare, John McDowell, Susan Hurley and Bernard Williams. The remaining contributors – Philippa Foot, Steven Lukes, Amartya Sen, David Wiggins – give their attention to problems which are equally compelling, such as the defence of a moral outlook based on a conception of a need and of what follows from it. The volume also includes the addresses given by Simon Blackburn and George Cawkwell at the memorial service for John Mackie, and a list of his publications, compiled by Joan Mackie.
Автор: James Conant, Sebastian Sunday Название: Wittgenstein on Philosophy, Objectivity, and Meaning ISBN: 1107194156 ISBN-13(EAN): 9781107194151 Издательство: Cambridge Academ Рейтинг: Цена: 95040.00 T Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ. Описание: The authors featured in this volume present new interpretations of central themes in Wittgenstein`s philosophy. In-depth yet accessible, the book investigates the relevance of Wittgenstein`s work for contemporary analytic philosophy, and will interest students and scholars of Wittgenstein, metaphilosophy, epistemology and philosophy of language.
Автор: Steven Levine Название: Pragmatism, Objectivity, and Experience ISBN: 1108422896 ISBN-13(EAN): 9781108422895 Издательство: Cambridge Academ Рейтинг: Цена: 99270.00 T Наличие на складе: Невозможна поставка. Описание: Explores the relation between objectivity and experience, challenging metaphysical approaches and arguing that objectivity depends on experience as understood by the classical pragmatic tradition. Re-evaluating pragmatism on contemporary terms, this book will be important for philosophers seeking new perspectives on objectivity.
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