The Molecular Theory of Adsorption in Porous Solids, Tovbin, Yu. K.

Автор: Momose
Название: Exoemission from Processed Solid Surfaces and Gas Adsorption
ISBN: 9811969477 ISBN-13(EAN): 9789811969478
Издательство: Springer
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Цена: 158380.00 T
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Описание: This book focuses on surface activity of electron emission (EE). Prior to protective painting, a steel surface is usually grit blasted or sandblasted to remove scale and contaminants and to roughen the surface. This book emphasizes that such surface treatment causes EE, increasing the strength of paint adhesion. Introduced here are the experimental results of thermally assisted photoelectron emission (TAPE) and tribo-stimulated (rubbing) electron emission (TriboEE) from practical metals after different kinds of surface-treatment processes. A detailed description is given of how Arrhenius activation energies relating to electron transfer through the surface overlayer and also the energy levels of electrons trapped in the overlayer can be obtained, and how TAPE and TriboEE data can be influenced by the chemical properties of that overlayer. This book is composed of four parts: I. Surface treatment processes; II. The principle of EE analysis used for practical surfaces; III. Materials and methods of EE and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS); IV. EE and XPS characteristics of practical surfaces. In the last part, the EE and XPS results for metals, semiconductors, and carbon materials are drawn from the author’s own publications. The book will be useful for researchers engaging in surface-treatment processes of various materials.

Название: Complex Molecular Surfaces and Interfaces: Faraday Discussion
ISBN: 1782629440 ISBN-13(EAN): 9781782629443
Издательство: Royal Society of Chemistry
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Цена: 239360.00 T
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Описание: Focussing on understanding the interaction of molecules with surfaces and their subsequent organisation, reactivity, or properties from both experimental and theoretical perspectives.

Автор: Aloys Huttermann
Название: The Hydrogen Bond: A Bond for Life
ISBN: 3110627949 ISBN-13(EAN): 9783110627947
Издательство: Walter de Gruyter
Цена: 53250.00 T
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Описание: The author illustrates why the rather weak hydrogen bond is so essential for our everyday life in a lively and entertaining way. The chemical and physical fundamentals are explained with examples ranging from the nature of water over the secret of DNA to adhesives and modern detergents. The interdisciplinary science is easy to understand and hence a great introduction for chemists, biologists and physicists.

Автор: Hans-Joachim Freund; Eberhard Umbach
Название: Adsorption on Ordered Surfaces of Ionic Solids and Thin Films
ISBN: 3642786340 ISBN-13(EAN): 9783642786341
Издательство: Springer
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Цена: 111790.00 T
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Описание: Adsorption on Ordered Surfaces of Ionic Solids and ThinFilms introduces to a new and topical field of surfacescience for which rather little experience is available atpresent.

Автор: Bharti, Bhuvnesh
Название: Adsorption, aggregation and structure formation in systems of charged particles
ISBN: 3319077368 ISBN-13(EAN): 9783319077369
Издательство: Springer
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Цена: 104480.00 T
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Описание: The interaction of globular proteins with silica nanoparticles is dominated by electrostatic interactions and can be controlled by pH and ionic strength, while the bridging of nanoparticles by adsorbed protein molecules leads to large-scale hybrid aggregates of protein with the nanoparticles.

Название: Smart Materials for Advanced Environmental Applications
ISBN: 1782621083 ISBN-13(EAN): 9781782621089
Издательство: Royal Society of Chemistry
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Цена: 223870.00 T
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Описание: This book is dedicated to the innovative and emerging applications of designed functional surfaces to solving environmental challenges.

Автор: Amabilino, Amabilino David B.
Название: Supramolecular Chemistry at Surfaces
ISBN: 1849739528 ISBN-13(EAN): 9781849739528
Издательство: Royal Society of Chemistry
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Цена: 252030.00 T
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Описание: A complete overview of the different methods of preparing and studying self-assembled structures at surfaces and interfaces.

Автор: Tharwat F. Tadros
Название: Nanodispersions
ISBN: 3110290332 ISBN-13(EAN): 9783110290332
Издательство: Walter de Gruyter
Цена: 86720.00 T
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Описание: General introduction - Definition of nanodispersions (nanosuspensions, nanoemulsions, swollen micelles or microemulsions, liposomes and vesicles) and their size range. General description of their colloid stability. Main advantages of nanodispersions and their industrial applications.Preparation of nanosuspensions by top-up process - Nucleation and growth and control of particle size distribution. Factors determining the formation of narrow particle size distribution. Role of surfactants and polymers. Preparation of nano-polymer colloids (lattices) by emulsion and dispersion polymerization. Factors affects the stability of nanosuspensions.Preparation of nanosuspensions by bottom down process - Dispersion of preformed particles in liquids and the need of a wetting agent. Break-up of aggregates and agglomerates by application of high speed stirrers. Reduction of particle size by application of intense energy (microfluidization or bead milling). Maintenance of the colloid stability of the resulting particles. Reduction of Ostwald ripening.Industrial applications of nanosuspensions - Application in pharmacy to enhance bioavailability, Application in sunscreens for UV protection. Application in paints and coatings.Preparation of nanoemulsions by the use of high pressure homogenisers - Principles of emulsion formation and the role of the emulsifier. Selection of emulsifiers. Methods of emulsification and prevention of coalescence during emulsification. Origin of colloid stability of nanoemulsions. Prevention of Ostwald ripeningLow energy methods for nanoemulsion preparation - The phase inversion composition method and the role of mixing the surfactant with oil and water. The phase inversion temperature method for preparation of nanoemulsions. Preparation of nanoemulsions by dilution of microemulsions.Practical examples of nanoemulsions and their industrial application - Nanoemulsions based on non-ionic surfactants and the role of the hydrophilic-lipophilic balance. Effect of oil solubility on the stabilityof nanoemulsions. Nanoemulsions based on polymeric surfactants. Applications in pharmacy and cosmetics.Swollen micelles or microemulsionsDefinition of microemulsions and their size range. Thermodynamic definition of microemulstions. Theories of microemulsion formation and stability. Characterisation of microemulsions using scattering, conductivity and NMR rechniques.Formulation of microemulsions and their industrial applications - Distinction between microemulsions and macroemulsions. Formulation of oil/water and water/oil microemulsions. Selection of emulsifiers for microemulsions. Application of microemulsions in tertiary oil recovery.Liposomes and vesicles - Formation of multilamellar lipid layers (liposomes) by dispersion of lipids in water. Formation of unilamellar vesicles by sonication of the liposomes. Factors responsible for stabilisation of liposomes and vesicles. Use of block copolymers to enhance the stability of vesicles. Applications of liposomes and vesicles in pharmacy and cosmetics.

Автор: Tharwat F. Tadros
Название: Emulsions: Formation, Stability, Industrial Applications
ISBN: 3110452170 ISBN-13(EAN): 9783110452174
Издательство: Walter de Gruyter
Цена: 74320.00 T
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Описание: Chapter 1 General IntroductionDefinition of emulsions and the role of the emulsifier. Classification based on the nature of the emulsifier. Classification based on the structure of the system. General instability problems with emulsions : creaming/sedimentation, flocculation, Ostwald ripening, coalescence and phase inversion. Importance of emulsions in various industrial applications. Chapter 2 Thermodynamics of Emulsion Formation and BreakdownApplication of the second law of thermodynamics for emulsion formation : Balance of energy and entropy and non-spontaneous formation of emulsions. Breakdown of the emulsion by flocculation and coalescence in the absence of an emulsifier. Role of the emulsifier in preventing flocculation and coalescence by creating an energy barrier resulting from the repulsive energies between the droplets. Chapter 3 Interaction Forces between Emulsion DropletsVan der Waals attraction and its dependence on droplet size, Hamaker constant and separation distance between the droplets. Electrostatic repulsion resulting from the presence of electrical double layers and its dependence on surface (or zeta) potential and electrolyte concentration and valency. Combination of the van der Waals attraction with double layer repulsion and the theory of colloid stability. Steric repulsion resulting from the presence of adsorbed non-ionic surfactants and polymers. Combination of van der Waals attraction with steric repulsion and the theory of steric stabilisation. Chapter 4 Adsorption of Surfactants at the Oil/Water InterfaceThermodynamic analysis of surfactant adsorption and the Gibbs adsorption isotherm. Calculation of the amount of surfactant adsorption and area per surfactant molecule at the interface. Experimental techniques for measuring the interfacial tension. Chapter 5 Mechanism of Emulsification and the Role of the EmulsifierDescription of the factors responsible for droplet deformation and its break-up. Role of surfactant in preventing coalescence during emulsification. Definition of the Gibbs dilational elasticity and the Marangoni effect in preventing coalescence. Chapter 6 Methods of EmulsificationPipe flow, static mixers and high speed stirrers (rotor-stator mixer). Laminar and turbulent flow. Membrane emulsification. High pressure homogenisers and ultrasonic methods. Chapter 7 Selection of EmulsifiersThe hydrophilic-lipophilic-balance (HLB) and its application in surfactant selection. Calculation of HLB numbers and the effect of the nature of the oil phase. The phase inversion temperature (PIT) method for emulsifier selection. The cohesive energy ratio method for emulsifier selection. Chapter 8 Creaming/Sedimentation of Emulsions and its preventionDriving force for creaming/sedimentation: effect of gravity, droplet size and density difference between the oil and continuous phase. Calculation of the rate of creaming/sedimentation in dilute emulsions. Influence of increase of the volume fraction of the disperse phase on the rate of creaming/sedimentation. Reduction of creaming/sedimentation: Balance of the density of the two phases, reduction of droplet size and effect of addition of ''thickeners'. Chapter 9 Flocculation of Emulsions and its PreventionFactors affecting flocculation. Calculation of fast and slow flocculation rate. Definition of stability ratio and its dependence on electrolyte concentration and valency. Definition of the critical coagulation concentration and its dependence on electrolyte valency. Reduction of flocculation by enhancing the repulsive forces. Chapter 10 Ostwald Ripening and its ReductionFactors responsible for Ostwald ripening : difference in solubility between small and large droplets and the Kelvin equation. Calculation of the rate of Ostwald ripening. Reduction of Ostwald ripening by incorporation of a small amount of highly insoluble oil. Reduction of Ostwald ripening by the use of strongly adsorbed polymeric surfactant and enhancement of the Gibbs elasticity. Chapter 11 Emulsion Coalescence and its PreventionDriving force for emulsion coalescence : Thinning and disruption of the liquid film between the droplets. The concept of disjoining pressure for prevention of coalescence. Methods for reduction or elimination of coalescence : Use of mixed surfactant films, use of lamellar liquid crystalline phases and use of polymeric surfactants. Chapter 12 Phase Inversion and its PreventionDistinction between catastrophic and transient phase inversion. Influence of the disperse volume fraction and surfactant HLB number. Explanation of the factors responsible for phase inversion. Chapter 13 Characterisation of EmulsionsMeasurement of droplet size distribution : Optical microscopy and image analysis. Phase contrast and polarising microscopyDiffraction methods. Confocal laser microscopy. Back scattering methods Chapter 14 Industrial Application of Emulsions14.1 Application in Pharmacy14.2 Application in Cosmetics 14.3 Application in Agrochemicals14.4 Application in Paints14.5 Application in the Oil Industry

Автор: Robin H A Ras
Название: Non-Wettable Surfaces: Theory, Preparation and Applications
ISBN: 1782621547 ISBN-13(EAN): 9781782621546
Издательство: Royal Society of Chemistry
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Цена: 252030.00 T
Наличие на складе: Нет в наличии.
Описание: This book integrates information about the theory, preparation and applications of non-wettable surfaces in one volume.

Название: Self-Cleaning Coatings: Structure, Fabrication and Application
ISBN: 1782622861 ISBN-13(EAN): 9781782622864
Издательство: Royal Society of Chemistry
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Цена: 237950.00 T
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Описание: Provides an overview of the uses of self-cleaning coatings for materials and polymer scientists working in industry and academia.

Автор: Tharwat F. Tadros
Название: Interfacial Phenomena and Colloid Stability: Basic Principles
ISBN: 3110283409 ISBN-13(EAN): 9783110283402
Издательство: Walter de Gruyter
Цена: 148700.00 T
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Описание: This fundamental book on interfacial phenomena forms the basis of application of interface and colloid science to various disperse systems. These include suspensions, emulsions, nano-dispersions, wetting, spreading, deposition and adhesion of particles to surfaces. These systems occur in most industrial applications, such as personal care and cosmetic formulations, pharmaceutical systems particularly for controlled and targeted delivery of drugs, agrochemical formulations and enhancement of their biological performance, paints and coatings as well as most food formulations. These applications are described in volume 2. The text is very valuable for formulation chemists, chemical engineers and technologies who are involved in such applications. In addition this fundamental text is also valuable for research scientists and Ph.D. students investigating various aspects of interface and colloid science.