Private Military and Security Companies and States, Christopher Spearin

Автор: Downes Alexander B.
Название: Catastrophic Success: Why Foreign-Imposed Regime Change Goes Wrong
ISBN: 1501761145 ISBN-13(EAN): 9781501761140
Издательство: Mare Nostrum (Eurospan)
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Цена: 44270.00 T
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In Catastrophic Success, Alexander B. Downes compiles all instances of regime change around the world over the past two centuries. Drawing on this impressive data set, Downes shows that regime change increases the likelihood of civil war and violent leader removal in target states and fails to reduce the probability of conflict between intervening states and their targets. As Downes demonstrates, when a state confronts an obstinate or dangerous adversary, the lure of toppling its government and establishing a friendly administration is strong. The historical record, however, shows that foreign-imposed regime change is, in the long term, neither cheap, easy, nor consistently successful. The strategic impulse to forcibly oust antagonistic or non-compliant regimes overlooks two key facts. First, the act of overthrowing a foreign government sometimes causes its military to disintegrate, sending thousands of armed men into the countryside where they often wage an insurgency against the intervener. Second, externally-imposed leaders face a domestic audience in addition to an external one, and the two typically want different things. These divergent preferences place imposed leaders in a quandary: taking actions that please one invariably alienates the other. Regime change thus drives a wedge between external patrons and their domestic prot?g?s or between prot?g?s and their people. Catastrophic Success provides sober counsel for leaders and diplomats. Regime change may appear an expeditious solution, but states are usually better off relying on other tools of influence, such as diplomacy. Regime change, Downes urges, should be reserved for exceptional cases. Interveners must recognize that, absent a rare set of promising preconditions, regime change often instigates a new period of uncertainty and conflict that impedes their interests from being realized.

Автор: Lind Jennifer
Название: Sorry States: Apologies in International Politics
ISBN: 0801476283 ISBN-13(EAN): 9780801476280
Издательство: Wiley EDC
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Цена: 22870.00 T
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Governments increasingly offer or demand apologies for past human rights abuses, and it is widely believed that such expressions of contrition are necessary to promote reconciliation between former adversaries. The post-World War II experiences of Japan and Germany suggest that international apologies have powerful healing effects when they are offered, and poisonous effects when withheld. West Germany made extensive efforts to atone for wartime crimes-formal apologies, monuments to victims of the Nazis, and candid history textbooks; Bonn successfully reconciled with its wartime enemies. By contrast, Tokyo has made few and unsatisfying apologies and approves school textbooks that whitewash wartime atrocities. Japanese leaders worship at the Yasukuni Shrine, which honors war criminals among Japan's war dead. Relations between Japan and its neighbors remain tense.

Examining the cases of South Korean relations with Japan and of French relations with Germany, Jennifer Lind demonstrates that denials of past atrocities fuel distrust and inhibit international reconciliation. In Sorry States, she argues that a country's acknowledgment of past misdeeds is essential for promoting trust and reconciliation after war. However, Lind challenges the conventional wisdom by showing that many countries have been able to reconcile without much in the way of apologies or reparations. Contrition can be highly controversial and is likely to cause a domestic backlash that alarms—rather than assuages—outside observers. Apologies and other such polarizing gestures are thus unlikely to soothe relations after conflict, Lind finds, and remembrance that is less accusatory-conducted bilaterally or in multilateral settings-holds the most promise for international reconciliation.

Автор: Christopher Spearin
Название: Private Military and Security Companies and States
ISBN: 3319549022 ISBN-13(EAN): 9783319549026
Издательство: Springer
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Цена: 111790.00 T
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Описание: This book identifies and explains the functional and ideational boundaries regarding what states and Private Military and Security Companies (PMSCs) both do and possess regarding land power, sea power, and air power.

Автор: Thomas J?ger; Gerhard K?mmel
Название: Private Military and Security Companies
ISBN: 3531149016 ISBN-13(EAN): 9783531149011
Издательство: Springer
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Цена: 88500.00 T
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Описание: Private Sicherheits- und Milit runternehmen erleben seit den 1990er Jahren einen au erordentlichen Boom und sind derzeit eines der spannendsten Ph nomene in den internationalen Beziehungen. Die Palette der von ihnen angebotenen Dienstleistungen ist gro . Sie reichen von logistischer Unterst tzung ber Aufkl rung bis hin zu Kampfeins tzen. Zu ihren Kunden z hlen Regierungen, Wirtschaftsunternehmen, internationale Organisationen, NGOs, humanit re Organisationen sowie Privatpersonen. Gegenw rtig l sst sich an den Auseinandersetzungen im Irak sowohl die Aktualit t wie auch die Brisanz ihres Einsatzes illustrieren, gibt es doch Anzeichen daf r, dass Besch ftigte solcher Unternehmen u.a. in die Folterung von Gefangenen verwickelt sind. Die Beitr ge des Sammelbandes aus der Feder nationaler wie internationaler Expertinnen und Experten beschreiben und analysieren verschiedene Typen von privaten Sicherheits- und Milit runternehmens, ihre Dienstleistungen und die Umst nde, die ihren Boom bef rdert haben. Sie diskutieren die Vor- wie auch die Nachteile ihres Einsatzes und beschreiben Instrumente, die die T tigkeit dieser Unternehmen st rker reglementieren und kontrollieren k nnten.

Автор: Torroja Helena
Название: Public International Law and Human Rights Violations by Private Military and Security Companies
ISBN: 3319881752 ISBN-13(EAN): 9783319881751
Издательство: Springer
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Цена: 83850.00 T
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Описание: This book explores the human rights consequences of the new mercenarism, as channeled through so-called private military and security companies (PMSCs), and offers an overview of the evolution and status quo of both non-legal (soft law and self-regulation) and legal initiatives seeking to limit them.

Автор: Stanley Bruce E
Название: Outsourcing Security
ISBN: 1612347177 ISBN-13(EAN): 9781612347172
Издательство: Mare Nostrum (Eurospan)
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Цена: 20900.00 T
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Описание: Faced with a decreasing supply of national troops, dwindling defense budgets, and the ever-rising demand for boots on the ground in global conflicts and humanitarian emergencies, decision makers are left with little choice but to legalize and legitimize the use of private military contractors (PMCs). Outsourcing Security examines the impact that bureaucratic controls and the increasing permissiveness of security environments have had on the U.S. military's growing use of PMCs during the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries.  Bruce E. Stanley examines the relationship between the rise of the private security industry and five potential explanatory variables tied to supply-and-demand theory in six historical cases, including Operation Desert Storm in 1991, the U.S. intervention in Bosnia in 1995, and Operation Iraqi Freedom in 2003. Outsourcing Security is the only work that moves beyond a descriptive account of the rise of PMCs to lay out a precise theory explaining the phenomenon and providing a framework for those considering PMCs in future global interaction.

Автор: Bronson John E.
Название: The Cold War Defense of the United States: Strategy, Weapon Systems and Operations
ISBN: 1476677204 ISBN-13(EAN): 9781476677200
Издательство: Mare Nostrum (Eurospan)
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Цена: 55440.00 T
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Описание: During the Cold War, the United States was forced to establish means of massive long-range attack in response to Soviet Union advancements in weaponry. This book shows how these defenses evolved from fledgling stop-gap measures into a complex fabric of interconnected combinations of high-tech equipment over 40 years.

Автор: Rapport Aaron
Название: Waging War, Planning Peace: U.S. Noncombat Operations and Major Wars
ISBN: 0801456614 ISBN-13(EAN): 9780801456619
Издательство: Mare Nostrum (Eurospan)
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Цена: 33400.00 T
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As the U.S. experience in Iraq following the 2003 invasion made abundantly clear, failure to properly plan for risks associated with postconflict stabilization and reconstruction can have a devastating impact on the overall success of a military mission. In Waging War, Planning Peace, Aaron Rapport investigates how U.S. presidents and their senior advisers have managed vital noncombat activities while the nation is in the midst of fighting or preparing to fight major wars. He argues that research from psychology—specifically, construal level theory—can help explain how individuals reason about the costs of postconflict noncombat operations that they perceive as lying in the distant future.In addition to preparations for "Phase IV" in the lead-up to the Iraq War, Rapport looks at the occupation of Germany after World War II, the planned occupation of North Korea in 1950, and noncombat operations in Vietnam in 1964 and 1965. Applying his insights to these cases, he finds that civilian and military planners tend to think about near-term tasks in concrete terms, seriously assessing the feasibility of the means they plan to employ to secure valued ends. For tasks they perceive as further removed in time, they tend to focus more on the desirability of the overarching goals they are pursuing rather than the potential costs, risks, and challenges associated with the means necessary to achieve these goals. Construal level theory, Rapport contends, provides a coherent explanation of how a strategic disconnect can occur. It can also show postwar planners how to avoid such perilous missteps.

Автор: Posen Barry R.
Название: Restraint: A New Foundation for U.S. Grand Strategy
ISBN: 1501700723 ISBN-13(EAN): 9781501700729
Издательство: Mare Nostrum (Eurospan)
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Цена: 17510.00 T
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The United States, Barry R. Posen argues in Restraint, has grown incapable of moderating its ambitions in international politics. Since the collapse of Soviet power, it has pursued a grand strategy that he calls "liberal hegemony," one that Posen sees as unnecessary, counterproductive, costly, and wasteful. Written for policymakers and observers alike, Restraint explains precisely why this grand strategy works poorly and then provides a carefully designed alternative grand strategy and an associated military strategy and force structure. In contrast to the failures and unexpected problems that have stemmed from America’s consistent overreaching, Posen makes an urgent argument for restraint in the future use of U.S. military strength.

After setting out the political implications of restraint as a guiding principle, Posen sketches the appropriate military forces and posture that would support such a strategy. He works with a deliberately constrained notion of grand strategy and, even more important, of national security (which he defines as including sovereignty, territorial integrity, power position, and safety). His alternative for military strategy, which Posen calls "command of the commons," focuses on protecting U.S. global access through naval, air, and space power, while freeing the United States from most of the relationships that require the permanent stationing of U.S. forces overseas.

Автор: Rapport Aaron
Название: Waging War, Planning Peace: U.S. Noncombat Operations and Major Wars
ISBN: 0801453585 ISBN-13(EAN): 9780801453588
Издательство: Mare Nostrum (Eurospan)
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Цена: 108680.00 T
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As the U.S. experience in Iraq following the 2003 invasion made abundantly clear, failure to properly plan for risks associated with postconflict stabilization and reconstruction can have a devastating impact on the overall success of a military mission. In Waging War, Planning Peace, Aaron Rapport investigates how U.S. presidents and their senior advisers have managed vital noncombat activities while the nation is in the midst of fighting or preparing to fight major wars. He argues that research from psychology—specifically, construal level theory—can help explain how individuals reason about the costs of postconflict noncombat operations that they perceive as lying in the distant future.In addition to preparations for "Phase IV" in the lead-up to the Iraq War, Rapport looks at the occupation of Germany after World War II, the planned occupation of North Korea in 1950, and noncombat operations in Vietnam in 1964 and 1965. Applying his insights to these cases, he finds that civilian and military planners tend to think about near-term tasks in concrete terms, seriously assessing the feasibility of the means they plan to employ to secure valued ends. For tasks they perceive as further removed in time, they tend to focus more on the desirability of the overarching goals they are pursuing rather than the potential costs, risks, and challenges associated with the means necessary to achieve these goals. Construal level theory, Rapport contends, provides a coherent explanation of how a strategic disconnect can occur. It can also show postwar planners how to avoid such perilous missteps.

Автор: Lee Dong Sun
Название: Power Shifts, Strategy and War: Declining States and International Conflict
ISBN: 0415762189 ISBN-13(EAN): 9780415762182
Издательство: Taylor&Francis
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Цена: 53070.00 T
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Описание: Marked changes in the balance of power between states in the international system are generally seen by IR scholars as among the most common causes of war. This book explains why such power shifts lead to war breaking out in some cases, but not in others.

Автор: Johnson Freese Joan
Название: Space Warfare in the 21st Century
ISBN: 113869388X ISBN-13(EAN): 9781138693883
Издательство: Taylor&Francis
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Цена: 38780.00 T
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Описание: This book examines the recent shift in US space policy and the forces that continually draw the US back into a space-technology security dilemma.